van Deelen Tessa R D, Belmonte Simona, Veldhuizen Els M, van den Putte Bas, Kunst Anton E, Kuipers Mirte A G
Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Geography and Planning, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2025 Mar 24;27(4):757-761. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntae030.
The Netherlands will ban tobacco sales from supermarkets in 2024 and from petrol stations and small outlets after 2030 (tobacco specialist shops exempted). Previous studies showed that this will reduce outlet availability, density, and proximity in Dutch urban areas.
This study assessed the distribution of tobacco outlets in Dutch rural areas, and potential outlet reductions after implementation of these bans. A cross-sectional quantitative audit of tobacco outlets was conducted in seven rural municipalities in the Netherlands. Tobacco outlet availability (N), density (per 10 000 capita and km2), and proximity (average distance of a street or city block to the closest tobacco outlet [meters]) were calculated, as well as predicted changes after implementation of upcoming sales bans.
97 tobacco retailers were identified. There were 5.00 outlets per 10 000 capita and 0.09 per km2. The tobacco sales ban in supermarkets is expected to reduce availability by 57 outlets, and density by 2.94/10 000 per capita and 0.05/km2, while increasing average distance by 824 m. A tobacco sales ban in petrol stations is expected to further reduce availability (-26), density/10 000 capita (-1.34), and density/km2 (-0.02), while increasing distance (+1595 m). For small outlets, these numbers are -12, -0.62, and -0.01, respectively, while the closest tobacco outlet will be mostly outside municipality borders.
Assuming no new tobacco outlets will emerge in response to future tobacco sales bans, the bans could nearly eliminate tobacco outlets in rural areas. To meet the demand for tobacco, there is a risk that new tobacco specialist shops will be established.
This study shows the potential impact of tobacco sales bans in, sequentially, supermarkets, petrol stations, and small outlets on tobacco outlet density and proximity in rural municipalities in the Netherlands. A ban on tobacco sales in supermarkets, petrol stations, and small outlets could reduce the number of tobacco outlets in rural areas of the Netherlands to nearly zero. As a result, supermarkets may be inspired to open tobacco specialist shops, which are exempt from the bans. To prevent the proliferation of such shops, retail licensing schemes may need to be established.
荷兰将于2024年禁止在超市销售烟草，并于2030年后禁止在加油站和小型商店销售烟草（烟草专卖店除外）。此前的研究表明，这将减少荷兰城市地区的销售点数量、密度和可达性。
本研究评估了荷兰农村地区烟草销售点的分布情况，以及实施这些禁令后销售点可能减少的情况。对荷兰七个农村市镇的烟草销售点进行了横断面定量审计。计算了烟草销售点的可得性（数量）、密度（每万人和每平方公里的数量）和可达性（街道或城市街区到最近烟草销售点的平均距离[米]），以及实施即将到来的销售禁令后的预测变化。
共识别出97家烟草零售商。每万人有5.00个销售点，每平方公里有0.09个销售点。预计超市的烟草销售禁令将使销售点数量减少57个，密度降低每万人2.94个和每平方公里0.05个，同时平均距离增加824米。加油站的烟草销售禁令预计将进一步减少销售点数量（-26个）、每万人密度（-1.34个）和每平方公里密度（-0.02个），同时增加距离（+1595米）。对于小型商店，这些数字分别为-12个、-0.62个和-0.01个，而最近的烟草销售点大多将位于市镇边界之外。
假设未来的烟草销售禁令不会促使新的烟草销售点出现，这些禁令几乎可以消除农村地区的烟草销售点。为满足烟草需求，存在新建烟草专卖店的风险。
本研究显示了烟草销售禁令依次在超市、加油站和小型商店实施后，对荷兰农村市镇烟草销售点密度和可达性的潜在影响。在超市、加油站和小型商店实施烟草销售禁令可能会使荷兰农村地区的烟草销售点数量减少到几乎为零。因此，超市可能会受到启发开设烟草专卖店，而这些专卖店不受禁令限制。为防止此类商店的扩散，可能需要建立零售许可制度。
