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一粒小麦基因组学揭示了最古老的栽培小麦的历史。

Einkorn genomics sheds light on history of the oldest domesticated wheat.

机构信息

Plant Science Program, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.

出版信息

Nature. 2023 Aug;620(7975):830-838. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06389-7. Epub 2023 Aug 2.

DOI:10.1038/s41586-023-06389-7
PMID:37532937
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10447253/
Abstract

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the first domesticated wheat species, and was central to the birth of agriculture and the Neolithic Revolution in the Fertile Crescent around 10,000 years ago. Here we generate and analyse 5.2-Gb genome assemblies for wild and domesticated einkorn, including completely assembled centromeres. Einkorn centromeres are highly dynamic, showing evidence of ancient and recent centromere shifts caused by structural rearrangements. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of a diversity panel uncovered the population structure and evolutionary history of einkorn, revealing complex patterns of hybridizations and introgressions after the dispersal of domesticated einkorn from the Fertile Crescent. We also show that around 1% of the modern bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) A subgenome originates from einkorn. These resources and findings highlight the history of einkorn evolution and provide a basis to accelerate the genomics-assisted improvement of einkorn and bread wheat.

摘要

单粒小麦（Triticum monococcum）是最早被驯化的小麦物种，它是大约一万年前新月沃地农业和新石器革命诞生的核心。在这里，我们为野生和驯化的单粒小麦生成和分析了 52 亿基因组组装，包括完全组装的着丝粒。单粒小麦的着丝粒非常活跃，有证据表明，由于结构重排，存在古老和最近的着丝粒转移。对多样性面板的全基因组测序分析揭示了单粒小麦的种群结构和进化历史，显示了驯化的单粒小麦从新月沃地扩散后杂交和渐渗的复杂模式。我们还表明，现代小麦（Triticum aestivum）A 亚基因组约有 1%来自单粒小麦。这些资源和发现突出了单粒小麦进化的历史，并为加速单粒小麦和面包小麦的基因组辅助改良提供了基础。

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