Feng Jia-Wu, Pidon Hélène, Cuacos Maria, Lux Thomas, Himmelbach Axel, Haghi Reza, Fuchs Jörg, Haberer Georg, Kuo Yi-Tzu, Guo Yu, Jayakodi Murukarthick, Toegelová Helena, Harpke Dörte, Knauft Manuela, Fiebig Anne, Maruschewski Maren, Ronen Moshe, Sharon Amir, Šimková Hana, Mayer Klaus F X, Spannagl Manuel, Kumlehn Jochen, Heckmann Stefan, Houben Andreas, Blattner Frank R, Stein Nils, Mascher Martin
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) Gatersleben, Seeland, Germany.
Julius Kühn Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Quedlinburg, Germany.
Nature. 2025 Jul 9. doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-09270-x.
Wild plants can contribute valuable genes to their domesticated relatives. Fertility barriers and a lack of genomic resources have hindered the effective use of crop-wild introgressions. Decades of research into barley's closest wild relative, Hordeum bulbosum, a grass native to the Mediterranean basin and Western Asia, have yet to manifest themselves in the release of a cultivar bearing alien genes. Here we construct a pangenome of bulbous barley comprising 10 phased genome sequence assemblies amounting to 32 distinct haplotypes. Autotetraploid cytotypes, among which the donors of resistance-conferring introgressions are found, arose at least twice, and are connected among each other and to diploid forms through gene flow. The differential amplification of transposable elements after barley and H. bulbosum diverged from each other is responsible for genome size differences between them. We illustrate the translational value of our resource by mapping non-host resistance to a viral pathogen to a structurally diverse multigene cluster that has been implicated in diverse immune responses in wheat and barley.
野生植物可以为其驯化的亲缘物种贡献有价值的基因。育性障碍和基因组资源的匮乏阻碍了作物-野生渐渗系的有效利用。对大麦最亲近的野生近缘种——球茎大麦（一种原产于地中海盆地和西亚的禾本科植物）进行了数十年的研究，但尚未培育出带有外源基因的品种。在此，我们构建了球茎大麦的泛基因组，它由10个分阶段的基因组序列组装体组成，共计32个不同的单倍型。同源四倍体细胞型至少出现过两次，其中发现了赋予抗性渐渗系的供体，它们通过基因流相互连接，并与二倍体形式相连。大麦和球茎大麦分化后转座元件的差异扩增导致了它们之间基因组大小的差异。我们通过将对一种病毒病原体的非寄主抗性定位到一个结构多样的多基因簇，来说明我们的资源的转化价值，该多基因簇与小麦和大麦的多种免疫反应有关。
