Maneesing Tanu-Udom, Dawangpa Atchara, Chaivanit Pechngam, Songsakul Sudjai, Prasertsri Piyapong, Yumi Noronha Natália, Watanabe Lígia Moriguchi, Nonino Carla Barbosa, Pratumvinit Busadee, Sae-Lee Chanachai
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
Exercise and Nutrition Innovation and Sciences Research Unit, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 18;10:1216753. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1216753. eCollection 2023.
The impact of dietary factors on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is well established. However, the effectiveness of transforming portion control into a practical innovation for glycaemic control in T2DM has not yet been established for counselling in nutrition. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of general counselling in nutrition (GCN) and a portioned meal box (PMB) on fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body composition.
A randomised, parallel intervention trial was conducted over 12 weeks, with GCN: carbohydrate portion control concept by using food exchange lists ( = 25) and PMB: portioned meal box was set by energy requirements ( = 25).
Both GCN and PMB demonstrated reductions in HbA1c levels at the 6th and 12th weeks compared to baseline. However, no significant difference in HbA1c was observed between GCN and PMB at either the 6th or 12th week. Using PMB at least four times a week significantly decreased HbA1c during the intervention period ( = 0.021 and < 0.001 for weeks 6 and 12 when compared with baseline, respectively). Changes in body composition were observed: body weight decrease in PMB only, body fat decrease and constant muscle mass in both groups. Both methods tended to relieve hunger and increased satiety in both groups. The satisfaction evaluation showed that participants preferred to use PMB over GCN ( = 0.001). Additionally, participants consumed less energy, carbohydrate and fat in PMB ( = 0.001, = 0.019, and = 0.001, respectively) and less energy and fat in GCN ( = 0.006 and = 0.001, respectively).
A better diet, either through GCN or PMB, can play an important role in improving dietary intake compliance and controlling blood glucose.
饮食因素对2型糖尿病（T2DM）血糖控制的影响已得到充分证实。然而，将分量控制转化为T2DM血糖控制的实用创新方法在营养咨询方面的有效性尚未得到证实。本研究的目的是比较一般营养咨询（GCN）和分餐盒（PMB）对空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和身体成分的影响。
进行了一项为期12周的随机平行干预试验，其中GCN：使用食物交换份法控制碳水化合物分量（n = 25），PMB：根据能量需求设置分餐盒（n = 25）。
与基线相比，GCN和PMB在第6周和第12周时HbA1c水平均有所降低。然而，在第6周或第12周时，GCN和PMB之间的HbA1c没有显著差异。每周至少使用四次PMB在干预期间可显著降低HbA1c（第6周和第12周与基线相比，P分别为0.021和<0.001）。观察到身体成分的变化：仅PMB组体重下降，两组身体脂肪均减少且肌肉量保持不变。两种方法在两组中均倾向于缓解饥饿并增加饱腹感。满意度评估显示，参与者更喜欢使用PMB而非GCN（P = 0.001）。此外，参与者在PMB中摄入的能量、碳水化合物和脂肪更少（P分别为0.001、0.019和0.001），在GCN中摄入的能量和脂肪也更少（P分别为0.006和0.001）。
通过GCN或PMB实现的更好饮食在改善饮食摄入依从性和控制血糖方面可发挥重要作用。
