Sitaresmi Pradita Iustitia, Hudaya Mohammad Firdaus, Kumala Seraphina, Herdis Herdis, Sofyan Ahmad, Bintara Sigit, Widyobroto Budi Prasetyo, Widayati Diah Tri
Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, Indonesia.
Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
J Adv Vet Anim Res. 2023 Jun 30;10(2):257-268. doi: 10.5455/javar.2023.j677. eCollection 2023 Jun.
This study aimed to establish and focus on the implications of precise energy and protein levels on reproductive performance. This study based on field facts showed that excessive feed intake, especially protein intake, to increase productivity will lead to some decreased reproductive efficiency through disruption of reproductive hormonal compound biosynthesis or increasing blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which has rarely been studied.
Healthy and mature Saanen crossbred goats raised by traditional farmers (2-4 years old; ± 45 kg) were divided into three experimental groups [T0 = basal feed according to the feed provided by farmers, T1 = protein and energy balanced feed according to National Research Council (NRC) (±5%), T2 = feed >20% excess protein, and excess energy from NRC] ( = 75). The factorial method was used in the experimental design with a least significant difference test.
The data showed a significant difference ( 0.05) in the biochemical or hormonal parameters between the control and the treatment groups. Also, T1 showed leads in any blood profile and reproductive hormone parameters such as total protein (79.6 ± 5.3 gm/dl), cholesterol (3.26 ± 0.47 mmol/l), progesterone (1.79 ± 2.21 ng/ml), and estrogen (47.85 ± 5.51 pg/ml), as well as the lowest levels of BUN (11.6 ± 1.59 mmol/l) and cortisol (25.07 ± 14.85 ng/ml) levels. T1 had the highest reproductive potential after treatment.
The adverse effects of high and low protein consumption on reproductive hormones seem to be related to the blood profile and ovarian function, as hormone concentrations change significantly and lead to reproductive impairment. The data showed that balanced nutrient levels (5%/T1) resulted in excellent blood and hormone parameters.
本研究旨在确定并关注精确的能量和蛋白质水平对繁殖性能的影响。基于实地情况的本研究表明，为提高生产力而过度采食，尤其是蛋白质摄入过量，会通过干扰生殖激素化合物的生物合成或增加血尿素氮（BUN），导致繁殖效率有所下降，而这方面的研究很少。
由传统养殖户饲养的健康成年萨能杂交山羊（2 - 4岁；约45千克）被分为三个实验组【T0 = 根据养殖户提供的饲料作为基础饲料，T1 = 根据美国国家研究委员会（NRC）标准（±5%）配制的蛋白质和能量平衡饲料，T2 = 蛋白质含量超过NRC标准20%以上且能量也超过NRC标准的饲料】（每组n = 75）。实验设计采用析因法，并进行最小显著差检验。
数据显示，对照组和处理组之间的生化或激素参数存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。此外，T1组在各项血液指标和生殖激素参数方面表现领先，如总蛋白（79.6 ± 5.3克/分升）、胆固醇（3.26 ± 0.47毫摩尔/升）、孕酮（1.79 ± 2.21纳克/毫升）和雌激素（47.85 ± 5.51皮克/毫升），同时BUN（11.6 ± 1.59毫摩尔/升）和皮质醇（25.07 ± 14.85纳克/毫升）水平最低。处理后，T1组具有最高的繁殖潜力。
高蛋白和低蛋白摄入对生殖激素的不良影响似乎与血液指标和卵巢功能有关，因为激素浓度会发生显著变化并导致生殖功能受损。数据表明，营养水平平衡（5%/T1）可产生优异的血液和激素参数。
