Liu Wei, Jia Dong-Xue, Lian Wen-Hui, Zhao Yu
College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China.
Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130017, China.
Se Pu. 2023 Aug;41(8):651-661. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2023.03005.
Molecularly imprinted polymers have received wide attention from various fields owing to their pre-designable, recognition ability, and practicality. However, the disadvantages of the traditional embedding method, which include a slow recognition rate, uneven site recognition, low binding capacity, and incomplete template molecule elution, limit the development of molecular imprinting technology. Surface molecular imprinting techniques have been developed to effectively solve these problems, and different materials are used as carriers in the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show great potential as carriers. Because of their high porosity and specific surface area, MOFs can provide a large number of active sites for molecular imprinting, which can improve their detection sensitivity. The variable metal centers and organic ligands of MOF materials can also lead to multiple structures and functions. Numerous types of MOF materials have been synthesized, and the properties of these materials can be tailored by adjusting their pore size and introducing functional groups. MOFs and molecular imprinting technology can be combined to take full advantage of the specific adsorption of molecular imprinting technology and the large specific surface area and multiple active sites of MOFs, thereby expanding the application range of the resulting materials. In this paper, five aspects of the concept of MOF functionalization are discussed: introduction of special ligands, regulation of metal central sites, formation of MOF complexes, derivatization of MOFs, and sacrificial MOFs. The applications of MOF-based molecularly imprinted materials in catalysis, sample pretreatment, drug carriers, fluorescence sensors, and electrochemical sensors are also reviewed. Finally, the existing problems and future development of MOF-based molecularly imprinted materials are discussed and prospected.
分子印迹聚合物因其可预先设计的识别能力和实用性而受到各个领域的广泛关注。然而，传统包埋法存在识别速率慢、位点识别不均、结合容量低以及模板分子洗脱不完全等缺点，限制了分子印迹技术的发展。表面分子印迹技术已被开发出来以有效解决这些问题，并且在分子印迹聚合物的合成中使用了不同的材料作为载体。金属有机框架（MOFs）作为载体显示出巨大潜力。由于其高孔隙率和比表面积，MOFs可为分子印迹提供大量活性位点，从而提高其检测灵敏度。MOF材料可变的金属中心和有机配体还可导致多种结构和功能。现已合成了多种类型的MOF材料，并且可以通过调节其孔径和引入官能团来定制这些材料的性能。MOFs与分子印迹技术相结合，可以充分利用分子印迹技术的特异性吸附以及MOFs的大比表面积和多个活性位点，从而扩大所得材料的应用范围。本文讨论了MOF功能化概念的五个方面：特殊配体的引入、金属中心位点的调控、MOF配合物的形成、MOFs的衍生化以及牺牲性MOFs。还综述了基于MOF的分子印迹材料在催化、样品预处理、药物载体、荧光传感器和电化学传感器中的应用。最后，对基于MOF的分子印迹材料存在的问题和未来发展进行了讨论和展望。
