College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Aug 24;11(33):7855-7872. doi: 10.1039/d3tb01152f.
Polyphosphate (PolyP) is a polymer comprised of linear phosphate units connected by phosphate anhydride bonds. PolyP exists in a diverse range of eukaryotes and prokaryotes with varied chain lengths ranging from six to thousands of phosphate units. Upon activation, human platelets and neutrophils release short-chain PolyP, along with other components, to initiate the coagulation pathway. Long-chain PolyP derived from cellular or bacterial organelles exhibits higher proinflammatory and procoagulant effects compared to short-chain PolyP. Notably, PolyP has been identified as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target since neutralizing plasma PolyP suppresses the thrombotic process without impairing the hemostatic functions. As an inorganic polymer without uniform steric configuration, PolyP is typically targeted by cationic polymers or recombinant polyphosphatases rather than conventional antibodies, small-molecule compounds, or peptides. Additionally, because of its procoagulant property, PolyP has been incorporated in wound-dressing materials to facilitate blood hemostasis. This review summarizes current studies on PolyP as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target and the development of hemostatic materials based on PolyP.
多聚磷酸盐（PolyP）是一种由线性磷酸单元通过磷酸酐键连接而成的聚合物。多聚磷酸盐存在于各种真核生物和原核生物中，其链长从 6 个到数千个磷酸单元不等。在被激活后，人类血小板和中性粒细胞会释放短链多聚磷酸盐以及其他成分，以启动凝血途径。与短链多聚磷酸盐相比，来自细胞或细菌细胞器的长链多聚磷酸盐具有更高的促炎和促凝血作用。值得注意的是，多聚磷酸盐已被确定为一种低出血性抗血栓靶点，因为中和血浆多聚磷酸盐可以抑制血栓形成过程，而不会损害止血功能。由于多聚磷酸盐是一种没有统一空间构型的无机聚合物，因此通常被阳离子聚合物或重组多聚磷酸酶靶向，而不是常规抗体、小分子化合物或肽。此外，由于其促凝血特性，多聚磷酸盐已被纳入伤口敷料材料中，以促进血液止血。本综述总结了多聚磷酸盐作为低出血性抗血栓靶点的最新研究进展，以及基于多聚磷酸盐的止血材料的开发。
