指导 HIV 疫苗开发的功能性和非功能性 CD8+ T 细胞的特征。
Features of functional and dysfunctional CD8+ T cells to guide HIV vaccine development.
机构信息
Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139.
Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
出版信息
Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2023 Sep 1;18(5):257-263. doi: 10.1097/COH.0000000000000812. Epub 2023 Jul 18.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
CD8+ T cell responses are a key component of the host immune response to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but vary significantly across individuals with distinct clinical outcomes. These differences help inform the qualitative features of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that we should aim to induce by vaccination.
RECENT FINDINGS
We review previous and more recent findings on the features of dysfunctional and functional CD8+ T cell responses that develop in individuals with uncontrolled and controlled HIV infection, with particular emphasis on proliferation, cytotoxic effector function, epitope specificity, and responses in lymph nodes. We also discuss the implications of these findings for both prophylactic and therapeutic T cell vaccine development within the context of T cell vaccine trials.
SUMMARY
The induction of HIV specific CD8+ T cell responses is an important goal of ongoing vaccine efforts. Emerging data on the key features of CD8+ T cell responses that distinguish individuals who spontaneously control from those with progressive disease continues to provide key guidance.
目的综述：CD8+ T 细胞反应是宿主对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）免疫反应的关键组成部分，但在具有不同临床结局的个体中差异显著。这些差异有助于了解我们应通过疫苗接种诱导的 HIV 特异性 CD8+ T 细胞的定性特征。
最新发现：我们回顾了既往和近期关于在未经治疗和经治疗的 HIV 感染者中发生的功能失调和功能正常的 CD8+ T 细胞反应特征的研究结果，特别强调了增殖、细胞毒性效应功能、表位特异性以及淋巴结中的反应。我们还讨论了这些发现对预防性和治疗性 T 细胞疫苗开发的影响，以及 T 细胞疫苗试验的背景。
总结：诱导 HIV 特异性 CD8+ T 细胞反应是当前疫苗研究的一个重要目标。关于区分自发控制和进行性疾病个体的 CD8+ T 细胞反应的关键特征的新数据继续提供关键指导。
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