Dai Yifeng, Xu Xijin, Huo Xia, Faas Marijke M
Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Developmental Toxicology, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xinling Rd, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023 Aug 1;262:115314. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115314.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, endocrine-toxic, and immunotoxic. PAHs can be found in maternal and fetal blood and in the placenta during pregnancy. They may thus affect placental and fetal development. Therefore, the exposure levels and toxic effects of PAHs in the placenta deserve further study and discussion. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the effects of PAHs and their metabolites on pregnancy and birth outcomes and on placental trophoblast cells. A growing number of epidemiological studies detected PAH-DNA adducts as well as the 16 high-priority PAHs in the human placenta and showed that placental PAH exposure is associated with adverse fetal outcomes. Trophoblasts are important cells in the placenta and are involved in placental development and function. In vitro studies have shown that exposure to either PAH mixtures, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or BaP metabolite benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) affected trophoblast cell viability, differentiation, migration, and invasion through various signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar effects of BPDE on trophoblast cells could also be observed in BaP-treated mouse models and were related to miscarriage. Although the current data show that PAHs may affect placental trophoblast cells and pregnancy outcomes, further studies (population studies, in vitro studies, and animal studies) are necessary to show the specific effects of different PAHs on placental trophoblasts and pregnancy outcomes.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类持久性有机污染物，具有致癌、致突变、内分泌毒性和免疫毒性。孕期母体血液、胎儿血液及胎盘中均可检测到多环芳烃。因此，它们可能会影响胎盘和胎儿发育。所以，多环芳烃在胎盘中的暴露水平及其毒性作用值得进一步研究和探讨。本综述旨在总结多环芳烃及其代谢产物对妊娠、分娩结局以及胎盘滋养层细胞影响的现有知识。越来越多的流行病学研究在人胎盘中检测到多环芳烃 - DNA加合物以及16种高优先级多环芳烃，并表明胎盘多环芳烃暴露与不良胎儿结局相关。滋养层细胞是胎盘中的重要细胞，参与胎盘发育和功能。体外研究表明，暴露于多环芳烃混合物、苯并(a)芘（BaP）或BaP代谢产物苯并(a)芘 - 7,8 - 二氢二醇 - 9,10 - 环氧化物（BPDE）会通过各种信号通路影响滋养层细胞的活力、分化、迁移和侵袭。此外，在BaP处理的小鼠模型中也可观察到BPDE对滋养层细胞的类似影响，且与流产有关。尽管目前的数据表明多环芳烃可能会影响胎盘滋养层细胞和妊娠结局，但仍需要进一步研究（人群研究、体外研究和动物研究）来明确不同多环芳烃对胎盘滋养层细胞和妊娠结局的具体影响。
