Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, United States.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Sep;14(5):1005-1028. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.010. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
Consumption of nuts and berries are considered part of a healthy eating pattern. Nuts and berries contain a complex nutrient profile consisting of essential vitamins and minerals, fiber, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phenolics in quantities that improve physiological outcomes. The spectrum of health outcomes that may be impacted by the consumptions of nuts and berries includes cardiovascular, gut microbiome, and cognitive, among others. Recently, new insights regarding the bioactive compounds found in both nuts and berries have reinforced their role for use in precision nutrition efforts. However, challenges exist that can affect the generalizability of outcomes from clinical studies, including inconsistency in study designs, homogeneity of test populations, variability in test products and control foods, and assessing realistic portion sizes. Future research centered on precision nutrition and multi-omics technologies will yield new insights. These and other topics such as funding streams and perceived risk-of-bias were explored at an international nutrition conference focused on the role of nuts and berries in clinical nutrition. Successes, challenges, and future directions with these foods are presented here.
坚果和浆果的消费被认为是健康饮食模式的一部分。坚果和浆果含有复杂的营养成分，包括必需的维生素和矿物质、纤维、多不饱和脂肪酸和酚类化合物，其含量可以改善生理结果。可能受到坚果和浆果消费影响的健康结果范围包括心血管、肠道微生物组和认知等。最近，关于坚果和浆果中发现的生物活性化合物的新见解增强了它们在精准营养中的作用。然而，存在一些挑战可能会影响临床研究结果的普遍性，包括研究设计的不一致性、测试人群的同质性、测试产品和对照食品的可变性以及评估现实的份量。以精准营养和多组学技术为中心的未来研究将产生新的见解。在一次国际营养会议上，针对坚果和浆果在临床营养中的作用，探讨了这些和其他主题，如资金来源和感知的偏倚风险。这里介绍了这些食物的成功、挑战和未来方向。
