Farhadi Faegheh, Sharififar Fariba, Jafari Mandana, Rahimi Vafa Baradaran, Askari Nafiseh, Askari Vahid Reza
Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Curr Drug Metab. 2024;25(9):653-669. doi: 10.2174/0113892002339410250108031621.
Quercetin (QE), a particular flavonoid, is well known for its medicinal effects, including anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, the findings of QE effects on diabetes STZinduced, alloxan-induced, and its complications have been summarized with a particular focus on in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Consequently, QE mediates several mechanisms, including ameliorating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and IL-10 expression, increasing insulin glucose uptake to inhibit insulin resistance. Moreover, QE stimulates insulin secretion and attenuates insulin resistance through various pathways, namely transient KATP channel, motivating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor expression, increasing glucose transporter-4, and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase in skeletal muscle. QE has protective effects on the complications caused by diabetes, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetic-induced hepatic damage, vascular inflammation, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
槲皮素（QE）是一种特殊的类黄酮，以其药用功效而闻名，包括抗氧化、降血糖和抗炎作用。在本综述中，总结了QE对链脲佐菌素诱导的、四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病及其并发症的影响，特别关注了体外、体内和临床试验。因此，QE介导多种机制，包括改善肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、活化B细胞核因子κB轻链增强子（NF-κB）、白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-8和IL-10的表达，增加胰岛素葡萄糖摄取以抑制胰岛素抵抗。此外，QE通过多种途径刺激胰岛素分泌并减轻胰岛素抵抗，即瞬时ATP敏感性钾通道、促进过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体表达、增加葡萄糖转运蛋白4以及降低骨骼肌中诱导型一氧化氮合酶。QE对糖尿病引起的并发症具有保护作用，如多囊卵巢综合征、高脂饮食诱导的肥胖、糖尿病诱导的肝损伤、血管炎症、肾病和神经病变。
