Bautista-Zamudio Paula Andrea, Flórez-Restrepo María Alejandra, López-Legarda Xiomara, Monroy-Giraldo Leidy Carolina, Segura-Sánchez Freimar
Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Grupo Biopolimer, Facultad de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52 - 21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 25;901:165950. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165950. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Plastic pollution is one of the most environmental problems in the last two centuries, because of their excessive usage and their rapidly increasing production, which overcome the ability of natural degradation. Moreover, this problem become an escalating environmental issue caused by inadequate disposal, ineffective or nonexistent waste collection methods, and a lack of appropriate measures to deal with the problem, such as incineration and landfilling. Consequently, plastic wastes have become so ubiquitous and have accumulated in the environment impacting ecosystems and wildlife. The above, enhances the urgent need to explore alternative approaches that can effectively reduce waste without causing harsh environmental consequences. For example, white-rot fungi are a promising alternative to deal with the problem. These fungi produce ligninolytic enzymes able to break down the molecular structures of plastics, making them more bioavailable and allowing their degradation process, thereby mitigating waste accumulation. Over the years, several research studies have focused on the utilization of white-rot fungi to degrade plastics. This review presents a summary of plastic degradation biochemistry by white-rot fungi and the function of their ligninolytic enzymes. It also includes a collection of different research studies involving white-rot fungi to degrade plastic, their enzymes, the techniques used and the obtained results. Also, this highlights the significance of pre-treatments and the study of plastic blends with natural fibers or metallic ions, which have shown higher levels of degradation. Finally, it raises the limitations of the biotechnological processes and the prospects for future studies.
塑料污染是过去两个世纪最严重的环境问题之一，这是由于其使用过度且产量迅速增加，超出了自然降解能力。此外，由于处置不当、废物收集方法无效或不存在，以及缺乏诸如焚烧和填埋等处理该问题的适当措施，这个问题已演变成一个不断升级的环境问题。因此，塑料废物变得无处不在，并在环境中积累，影响着生态系统和野生动物。上述情况凸显了迫切需要探索能够有效减少废物且不造成严重环境后果的替代方法。例如，白腐真菌是解决该问题的一种有前景的替代方案。这些真菌产生能够分解塑料分子结构的木质素分解酶，使其更易于生物利用并促进其降解过程，从而减轻废物积累。多年来，多项研究聚焦于利用白腐真菌降解塑料。本综述总结了白腐真菌降解塑料的生物化学过程及其木质素分解酶的功能。它还收集了不同的研究，这些研究涉及白腐真菌降解塑料、其酶、所使用的技术及所得结果。此外，这突出了预处理以及对与天然纤维或金属离子的塑料共混物研究的重要性，这些共混物已显示出更高的降解水平。最后，它提出了生物技术过程的局限性以及未来研究的前景。
