Leigh Ousman, Akinyamoju Akindayo Olufunto, Ogun Gabriel O, Okoje Victoria Nwebuni
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia.
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Sciences, American International University West Africa, The Gambia.
J West Afr Coll Surg. 2023 Jul-Sep;13(3):1-5. doi: 10.4103/jwas.jwas_168_22. Epub 2023 Jun 27.
Sub-Saharan Africa has a heavy burden of oral diseases and cancers. Also, there is a dearth of published records of oral pathology services in The Gambia. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the prevalence of biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions in order to ascertain the uptake of oral histopathology services at the foremost tertiary institution in The Gambia.
This was a retrospective study performed at the Pathology Department of Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital. Reports of all oral and maxillofacial biopsies submitted for the period 2012 to 2021 were reviewed and data were extracted. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS software, version 26.
Total number of biopsy reports was 158 representing 0.02% over the study period. The mean age of patients was 34.3 ± 19.7 years, the 3rd decade was the peak age of presentation and male-to-female ratio was 1:1.6. Majority (65/41.1%) of the cases were benign neoplastic lesions, and the mandible was the most (21/13.3%) common site of biopsy. Reactive lesions were the predominant (34/21.5%) group and squamous cell carcinoma had the highest (24/15.3%) number of lesions while odontogenic tumours constituted six cases only (3.8%).
The findings of this study showed low uptake of oral histopathology services while biopsied oral and maxillofacial lesions were prevalent in female patients in the third decade of life. Also, the mandible was the most affected site whereas benign neoplastic diagnoses were most common. However, this study recorded a higher proportion of malignancies than some previous studies.
撒哈拉以南非洲地区口腔疾病和癌症负担沉重。此外，冈比亚缺乏口腔病理学服务的公开记录。因此，本综述旨在确定口腔颌面病变活检的患病率，以确定冈比亚主要三级医疗机构口腔组织病理学服务的使用情况。
这是一项在爱德华·弗朗西斯·斯莫尔教学医院病理科进行的回顾性研究。对2012年至2021年期间提交的所有口腔颌面活检报告进行了审查并提取了数据。使用SPSS 26版软件进行描述性分析。
活检报告总数为158份，占研究期间的0.02%。患者的平均年龄为34.3±19.7岁，第三个十年是就诊的高峰年龄，男女比例为1:1.6。大多数（65/41.1%）病例为良性肿瘤性病变，下颌骨是最常见的活检部位（21/13.3%）。反应性病变是主要类型（34/21.5%），鳞状细胞癌的病变数量最多（24/15.3%），而牙源性肿瘤仅6例（3.8%）。
本研究结果显示口腔组织病理学服务的使用率较低，而口腔颌面病变活检在第三个十年的女性患者中较为普遍。此外，下颌骨是受影响最严重的部位，而良性肿瘤诊断最为常见。然而，本研究记录的恶性肿瘤比例高于一些先前的研究。
