Institute of Medical Data Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jul 19;11:1188494. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1188494. eCollection 2023.
Community indicators may predict and influence individuals` mental health, and support or impede mental health management. However, there is no consensus on which indicators should be included in predictions, prognostic algorithms, or management strategies for community-based mental health promotion and prevention approaches. Therefore, this scoping review provides an overview of relevant community-level indicators for mental health in the general as well as risk populations in a European context.
We conducted a scoping review in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, and PsycInfo. Eligible studies focused on context factors such as either the physical or social environment, reporting at least one mental health outcome and referring to a European population. Publications between 2012 and March 8, 2022 are considered.
In total, the search yielded 12,200 identified records. After the removal of duplicates, 10,059 records were screened against the eligibility criteria. In total, 169 studies were included in the final analysis. Out of these included studies, 6% focused on pan-European datasets and 94% on a specific European country. Populations were either general or high-risk populations (56 vs. 44%, respectively) with depressive disorder as the main reported outcome (49%), followed by general mental health (33%) and anxiety (23%). Study designs were cross-sectional studies (59%), longitudinal (27%), and others (14%). The final set of indicators consisted of 53 indicators, which were grouped conceptually into 13 superordinate categories of community indicators. These were divided into the domains of the physical and social environment. The most commonly measured and reported categories of community indicators associated with mental health outcomes were social networks ( = 87), attitudinal factors toward vulnerable groups ( = 76), and the characteristics of the built environment ( = 56).
This review provides an evidence base of existing and novel community-level indicators that are associated with mental health. Community factors related to the physical and social environment should be routinely recorded and considered as influencing factors or potentially underestimated confounders. The relevance should be analyzed and included in clinical outcomes, data, monitoring and surveillance as they may reveal new trends and targets for public mental health interventions.
社区指标可以预测和影响个体的心理健康，支持或阻碍心理健康管理。然而，对于哪些指标应纳入基于社区的心理健康促进和预防方法的预测、预后算法或管理策略，尚未达成共识。因此，本范围综述提供了在欧洲背景下，一般人群和风险人群的心理健康相关社区水平指标的概述。
我们在以下电子数据库中进行了范围综述：PubMed、Embase 和 PsycInfo。符合条件的研究集中在环境因素，如物理或社会环境，至少报告一个心理健康结果，并参考欧洲人群。考虑到 2012 年至 2022 年 3 月 8 日之间的出版物。
总共检索到 12200 条已识别记录。在去除重复项后，有 10059 条记录根据入选标准进行了筛选。共有 169 项研究纳入最终分析。在这些纳入的研究中，6%的研究侧重于泛欧洲数据集，94%的研究侧重于特定的欧洲国家。人群要么是一般人群，要么是高风险人群（分别为 56%和 44%），主要报告的结果是抑郁障碍（49%），其次是一般心理健康（33%）和焦虑（23%）。研究设计为横断面研究（59%）、纵向研究（27%）和其他研究（14%）。最终确定的指标集包括 53 个指标，这些指标根据概念分为 13 个社区指标的上位类别。这些指标分为物理和社会环境领域。与心理健康结果相关的最常测量和报告的社区指标类别是社会网络（87 个）、对弱势群体的态度因素（76 个）和建筑环境特征（56 个）。
本综述提供了现有和新的与心理健康相关的社区水平指标的证据基础。应常规记录和考虑与物理和社会环境相关的社区因素，作为影响因素或潜在被低估的混杂因素。应分析其相关性，并将其纳入临床结果、数据、监测和监测中，因为它们可能揭示新的趋势和公共心理健康干预的目标。
