Wang Rui-Rui, Dong Pei-Pei, Hirata Daisuke, Abduriyim Shamshidin
College of Life Science Shihezi University Shihezi China.
Centre for Computational Biology Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University St. Petersburg Russia.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Aug 2;13(8):e10288. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10288. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Maternal lineages of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are recognized as important components of intra and interspecific biodiversity and help us to disclose the phylogeny and divergence times of many taxa. Species of the genus are canonical mountain dwellers. Among these is the Siberian ibex (), which is regarded as a relic species whose intraspecific classification has been controversial so far. We collected 58 samples in Xinjiang, China, and analyzed the mtDNA genes to shed light on the intraspecific relationships of the populations and estimate the divergence time. Intriguingly, we found that the mtDNA sequences of split into two main lineages in both phylogenetic and network analyses: the Southern lineage, sister to , consisting of samples from Ulugqat, Kagilik (both in Xinjiang), India, and Tajikistan; and the Northern lineage further divided into four monophyletic clades A-D corresponding to their geographic origins. Samples from Urumqi, Sawan, and Arturk formed a distinct monophyletic clade C within the Northern lineage. The genetic distance between the clades ranges from 3.0 to 8.6%, with values of between 0.839 and 0.960, indicating notable genetic differentiation. The split of the genus occurred approximately 6.75 Mya during the late Miocene. The Northern lineage diverged around 5.88 Mya, followed by the divergence of Clades A-D from 3.30 to 1.92 Mya during the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. The radiation between the Southern lineage and occurred at 2.29 Mya during the early Pleistocene. Our results highlight the importance of extensive sampling when relating to genetic studies of alpine mammals and call for further genomic studies to draw definitive conclusions.
线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的母系谱系被认为是种内和种间生物多样性的重要组成部分，有助于我们揭示许多分类群的系统发育和分化时间。该属物种是典型的山地栖息者。其中包括西伯利亚北山羊（Capra sibirica），它被视为一个残遗物种，其种内分类至今仍存在争议。我们在中国新疆收集了58个样本，并分析了mtDNA基因，以阐明该物种的种内关系并估计分化时间。有趣的是，我们发现，在系统发育和网络分析中，西伯利亚北山羊的mtDNA序列分为两个主要谱系：南部谱系，与捻角山羊（Capra falconeri）是姐妹关系，由来自乌鲁克恰提、卡日勒克（均在新疆）、印度和塔吉克斯坦的样本组成；北部谱系进一步分为四个单系支系A - D，对应于它们的地理起源。来自乌鲁木齐、沙湾和阿尔图什的样本在北部谱系中形成了一个独特的单系支系C。各支系之间的遗传距离在3.0%至8.6%之间，核苷酸多样性值在0.839至0.960之间，表明存在显著的遗传分化。该属的分化发生在中新世晚期，约675万年前。北部谱系在约588万年前分化，随后在晚上新世和早更新世期间，支系A - D在330万至192万年前分化。南部谱系与捻角山羊之间的辐射发生在早更新世，229万年前。我们的结果强调了在进行高山哺乳动物遗传研究时广泛采样的重要性，并呼吁进一步开展基因组研究以得出明确结论。
