Rey-Hernández Javier M, Arroyo-Gómez Yolanda, San José-Alonso Julio F, Rey-Martínez Francisco J
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engines, Engineering School, University of Málaga (UMa), 29014 Málaga, Spain.
Thermotechnology Consolidated Research Unit (UIC 053), University of Valladolid, Spain.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 14;9(7):e18271. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18271. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Natural ventilation in low-budget elementary schools is the main focus to ensure the health and comfort of its occupants, specifically when looking at the global pandemic related to SARS-COV-2. This paper presents an experimental and novel study of natural ventilation in a public elementary school (Los Zumacales), with a particularly low economic budget. The study was carried out during the winter months of the Covid 19 pandemic. The school is located in the rural area of Castilla y León (North-Western Spain) far from high traffic roads. In this study, a methodology of measuring CO concentration was applied in nine classrooms in a school. The experimental study shows the level of natural ventilation in each classroom, expressed in Air Changes per Hour (ACH), using the Decay CO concentration method. The method is proven by comparing the experimental values of the obtained ACH with those determined by the most powerful methods to achieve appropriate ventilation levels. Thus, ensuring health protection protocol in rural schools, against the COVID 19 pandemic. Harvard guide and Spanish regulations (RITE), two widely recognized methods have been used together with the experimentally obtained standard by Rey et al. Only one classroom showed a value lower than 3 indicating poor ventilation. In this study, the degree of thermal comfort in the nine classrooms were also analyzed according to the EN15251 standard. An average indoor temperature of approximately 19 °C was obtained, and the relative humidity was stable and correct according to Spanish regulations. In addition, the risk of infection in each classroom was estimated following the international method recommended by the federation of European Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Associations (REHVA). The probability of infection in all the cases studied was less than 14%. Therefore, this study provides a strong response against infections illnesses, such as Covid 19, in educational buildings where economic budgets of their facilities are low in both, maintenance and investment.
在预算较低的小学中，自然通风是确保居住者健康和舒适的主要关注点，尤其是在面对与SARS-CoV-2相关的全球大流行时。本文介绍了一项针对一所经济预算特别低的公立小学（洛斯苏马卡莱斯）自然通风的实验性新颖研究。该研究在新冠疫情的冬季进行。这所学校位于卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂的农村地区（西班牙西北部），远离交通繁忙的道路。在本研究中，一种测量一氧化碳浓度的方法应用于一所学校的九个教室。实验研究使用一氧化碳浓度衰减法，以每小时换气次数（ACH）表示每个教室的自然通风水平。通过将获得的ACH实验值与最有效的方法确定的ACH值进行比较，验证了该方法，以实现适当的通风水平。从而确保农村学校针对新冠疫情的健康防护方案。哈佛指南和西班牙法规（RITE）这两种广泛认可的方法与雷伊等人通过实验获得的标准一起使用。只有一个教室的值低于3，表明通风不良。在本研究中，还根据EN15251标准分析了九个教室的热舒适度。获得的室内平均温度约为19°C，相对湿度根据西班牙法规稳定且合适。此外，按照欧洲供热、通风和空调协会联合会（REHVA）推荐的国际方法估计了每个教室的感染风险。所有研究案例中的感染概率均小于14%。因此，本研究为设施维护和投资经济预算较低的教育建筑中预防新冠等感染性疾病提供了有力对策。
