Chaudhry Aeysha, Hebert-Beirne Jeni, Hanneke Rosie, Alessi Edward J, Mitchell Uchechi, Molina Yamile, Chebli Perla, Abboud Sarah
Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Department of Information Services & Research, Library of the Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
LGBT Health. 2024 Jan;11(1):1-19. doi: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0392. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
This scoping review characterizes the peer-reviewed evidence on the health of first-generation sexual and gender minority (SGM) migrant women to the United States and identifies research gaps and future priorities. On February 1, 2022, the following databases were searched: PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, APA PsycINFO, and PAIS Index. Primary research studies based in the United States, in English, on first-generation SGM migrants (i.e., immigrants, refugees, asylum seekers) were included. Gray literature and review articles were excluded. Health outcome data were not extracted from nonbinary populations nor transgender men. Themes were generated using qualitative content analysis. Thirty-three studies were reviewed, most were qualitative, and 11 focused on transgender women migrants (especially from Latin America), while only one was exclusively on sexual minority women (SMW) migrants. Premigration experiences of violence and discrimination were linked to high prevalence rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Postmigration stressors included lack of educational and employment opportunities, reduced access to social services, and experiences of stigma and discrimination, which were also associated with the development of depressive symptoms. Transgender women migrants reported not seeking formal medical care, given a lack of gender-affirming services and insurance resulting in reliance on unsafe informal care networks for hormone therapy and feminization procedures. Future interventions should focus on fostering social support networks of SGM migrant women to help improve their mental health outcomes. Research priorities should include studies on SMW migrants and more quantitative research that could identify additional health needs (i.e., sexual health) of SGM migrant women.
本综述性研究描述了关于第一代性少数和性别少数（SGM）移民女性在美国健康状况的同行评审证据，并确定了研究差距和未来重点。2022年2月1日，检索了以下数据库：PubMed（医学索引数据库）、Embase、CINAHL全文数据库、美国心理学会心理学文摘数据库和公共事务信息服务数据库。纳入了以美国为基地、英文撰写的关于第一代SGM移民（即移民、难民、寻求庇护者）的原发性研究。灰色文献和综述文章被排除在外。未从非二元人群或跨性别男性中提取健康结果数据。使用定性内容分析法生成主题。共审查了33项研究，大多数为定性研究，11项聚焦于跨性别女性移民（尤其是来自拉丁美洲的），而仅有一项专门针对性少数女性（SMW）移民。移民前的暴力和歧视经历与创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症和焦虑症的高患病率相关。移民后的压力源包括缺乏教育和就业机会、获得社会服务的机会减少以及耻辱和歧视经历，这些也与抑郁症状的发展有关。跨性别女性移民报告称，由于缺乏性别确认服务和保险，她们不寻求正规医疗护理，导致在激素治疗和女性化手术方面依赖不安全的非正式护理网络。未来的干预措施应侧重于促进SGM移民女性的社会支持网络，以帮助改善她们的心理健康状况。研究重点应包括对SMW移民的研究以及更多能够确定SGM移民女性其他健康需求（即性健康）的定量研究。
