Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK.
The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
Microb Genom. 2023 Aug;9(8). doi: 10.1099/mgen.0.001078.
Bacteria from the family have been implicated in mass mortalities of farmed Pacific oysters () in multiple countries, leading to substantial impairment of growth in the sector. In Ireland there has been concern that have been involved in serious summer outbreaks. There is evidence that is increasingly becoming the main pathogen of concern for the Pacific oyster industry in Ireland. While bacteria belonging to the clade are also detected frequently in mortality episodes, their role in the outbreaks of summer mortality is not well understood. To identify and characterize strains involved in these outbreaks, 43 isolates were recovered from Pacific oyster summer mass mortality episodes in Ireland from 2008 to 2015 and these were whole-genome sequenced. Among these, 25 were found to be (implicated in disease) and 18 were members of the species complex (role in disease undetermined). Two distinct clades of - clade A and clade B - were found that had previously been described as circulating within French oyster culture. The high degree of similarity between the Irish and French isolates points to translocation of the pathogen between Europe's two major oyster-producing countries, probably via trade in spat and other age classes. isolates were more diverse, but the data reveal a single clone of this species that has spread across oyster farms in Ireland. This underscores that could be transmitted readily across oyster farms. The presence of clades A and B in not only France but also Ireland adds weight to growing concern that this pathogen is spreading and impacting Pacific oyster production within Europe.
家族的细菌已被牵连到多个国家养殖太平洋牡蛎()的大规模死亡事件中,导致该行业的生长受到严重损害。在爱尔兰,人们一直担心可能与严重的夏季爆发有关。有证据表明,越来越多的成为爱尔兰太平洋牡蛎产业关注的主要病原体。虽然属于 进化枝的细菌也经常在死亡率事件中被检测到,但它们在夏季死亡率爆发中的作用尚不清楚。为了鉴定和描述这些爆发中涉及的菌株,从 2008 年至 2015 年期间,从爱尔兰夏季太平洋牡蛎大规模死亡事件中回收了 43 株分离株,并对其进行了全基因组测序。其中,有 25 株被鉴定为(与疾病有关),18 株为 种复合物成员(疾病中的作用不确定)。发现了两个不同的 - 进化枝 A 和进化枝 B - ,它们以前曾被描述为在法国牡蛎养殖中循环存在。爱尔兰和法国的 分离株之间具有高度相似性,这表明病原体在欧洲这两个主要牡蛎生产国之间通过苗种和其他年龄组的贸易进行了转移。 分离株的多样性更高,但数据显示该物种的单一克隆已在爱尔兰的牡蛎养殖场中传播。这突显出 可以很容易地在牡蛎养殖场之间传播。A 和 B 进化枝不仅存在于法国,也存在于爱尔兰,这增加了人们对这种病原体正在传播并影响欧洲太平洋牡蛎生产的担忧。