Liu Shuo, Bai Fuliang, Men Zhiyuan, Gu Xueqian, Wang Feiyu, Li Yuxiang, Liu Qi
School of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
School of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 25;901:166040. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166040. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
Although suspended atmospheric microplastics (SAMPs) have been found to be ubiquitous and have potential impacts on human health, whereas studies related to source apportionment and potential ecological risk assessment in the atmospheric environment are still limited. This study investigated spatial distribution, source apportionment and potential ecological risk of SAMPs in six underlying surfaces of Harbin, China. The results show that all six underlying surfaces existed SAMPs, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), with approximate 26.13 %, 24.10 %, 23.87 %, 13.51 %, and 12.39 %, respectively. SAMPs abundances from filtered air were relatively high and averaged 1.76 n/m. The SAMPs mainly contained fibrous (59.01 %), fragmented (30.18 %), and granular (10.81 %) with transparent (62.39 %), black 13.74 %), red (7.43 %), white (6.53 %), blue, and yellow (3.60 %), and particle size ranged from 1.3 to 518 μm. In addition, source apportionment of SAMPs shows that SAMPs were originated from five emission sources including living source (19.53 %), construction source (12.08 %), transportation source (47.25 %), industrial source (5.11 %), and agricultural source (16.13 %) in Harbin. A significant correction was observed between SAMPs abundances and human activity (R = 0.68, P = 0.66), atmospheric humidity (R = -0.40, P = 0.02), and wind direction (R = 0.22, P = 0.04) in different underlying surface. Furthermore, potential ecological hazardous single index (EI) of PVC and PS were higher than PP, PET, and PS in the construction land, cultivated land, forest land, grassland, water area, and unused land. An estimation of the potential ecological risk index (RI) from SAMPs using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model indicated that Harbin presented a minor ecological risk with average 16.59 of RI index of microplastics in environments. In conclusion, data in this study indicate that SAMPs are existed in atmospheric environments, which have possible risks for human health via inhalation.
尽管已发现悬浮大气微塑料（SAMPs）无处不在，并对人类健康具有潜在影响，但大气环境中与源解析和潜在生态风险评估相关的研究仍然有限。本研究调查了中国哈尔滨六个下垫面中SAMPs的空间分布、源解析和潜在生态风险。结果表明，所有六个下垫面均存在SAMPs，包括聚丙烯（PP）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚氯乙烯（PVC），分别约占26.13%、24.10%、23.87%、13.51%和12.39%。过滤空气中的SAMPs丰度相对较高，平均为1.76 n/m。SAMPs主要包含纤维状（59.01%）、碎片状（30.18%）和颗粒状（10.81%），颜色有透明（62.39%）、黑色（13.74%）、红色（7.43%）、白色（6.53%）、蓝色和黄色（3.60%），粒径范围为1.3至518μm。此外，SAMPs的源解析表明，哈尔滨的SAMPs源自五个排放源，包括生活源（19.53%）、建筑源（12.08%）、交通源（47.25%）、工业源（5.11%）和农业源（16.13%）。在不同下垫面中，SAMPs丰度与人类活动（R = 0.68，P = 0.66）、大气湿度（R = -0.40，P = 0.02）和风向（R = 0.22，P = 0.04）之间存在显著相关性。此外，在建设用地、耕地、林地、草地、水域和未利用地中，PVC和PS的潜在生态危害单项指数（EI）高于PP、PET和PE。使用正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）模型对SAMPs的潜在生态风险指数（RI）进行估计表明，哈尔滨的微塑料环境RI指数平均为16.59，呈现出较小的生态风险。总之，本研究数据表明大气环境中存在SAMPs，通过吸入可能对人类健康构成风险。
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