HIV 患者的非传染性疾病合并症：糖尿病、高血压、心脏病和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停作为被忽视的问题。
Non-communicable disease comorbidities in HIV patients: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and obstructive sleep apnea as a neglected issue.
机构信息
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
出版信息
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 5;13(1):12730. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39828-6.
The present study evaluates the non-communicable disease (NCD) patterns and related risk factors among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Iran. This national cross-sectional survey study was conducted on 1173 confirmed PLWHs with a mean age of 35.35 (56.82 Over 50 years old, 33.90 Under 50 years old) admitted from 15 different provinces in the country. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of factors with having at least one NCD comorbidity. From 1173 PLWH, 225(19.18%) participants experienced at least one NCD (15.20% and 38.69% among under- and over-50-year-old patients, respectively). The prevalence of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and sleep apnea among all patients was 1.59%, 2.05%, 1.55%, and 10.26%, respectively. The similar prevalence for each NCD among those over 50 years was 10.11%, 15.71%, 9.01%, 25.44%, and 1.01%, 1.12%, 1.04%, and 9.23% among those under 50 years, respectively. The odds of being at risk of at least one NCD stood higher in patients over 50 years (ORadj = 2.93, 95% CI 1.96-4.37), married (ORadj = 2.48, 95% CI 1.41-4.35), divorced or widowed (ORadj = 2.78, 95% CI 1.48-5.20), and obese (ORadj = 3.82, 95% CI 2.46-5.91). According to our findings regarding the prevalence of NCDs among patients under 50 years of age, we recommend that policymakers give greater consideration to this group in the screening and care programs for NCDs since adults and the elderly are both vulnerable to the risk factors for developing NCDs.
本研究评估了伊朗艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）中的非传染性疾病（NCD）模式和相关风险因素。这项全国性的横断面调查研究共纳入了 1173 名经确认的 PLWH，平均年龄为 35.35 岁（56.82 岁以上，33.90 岁以下），来自该国 15 个不同省份。采用逻辑回归分析因素与至少一种 NCD 合并症的关联。在 1173 名 PLWH 中，有 225 名（19.18%）患者至少患有一种 NCD（50 岁以下患者为 15.20%，50 岁以上患者为 38.69%）。所有患者中心脏病、高血压、糖尿病和睡眠呼吸暂停的患病率分别为 1.59%、2.05%、1.55%和 10.26%。50 岁以上患者中每种 NCD 的患病率相似，分别为 10.11%、15.71%、9.01%、25.44%和 1.01%、1.12%、1.04%和 9.23%，而 50 岁以下患者中分别为 1.55%、2.05%、9.01%、25.44%和 1.01%、1.12%、1.04%和 9.23%。50 岁以上患者发生至少一种 NCD 的风险更高（ORadj=2.93，95%CI 1.96-4.37），已婚（ORadj=2.48，95%CI 1.41-4.35），离婚或丧偶（ORadj=2.78，95%CI 1.48-5.20）和肥胖（ORadj=3.82，95%CI 2.46-5.91）。根据我们对 50 岁以下患者 NCD 患病率的研究结果，我们建议决策者在 NCD 筛查和护理计划中更多地考虑这一年龄组，因为成年人和老年人都容易受到 NCD 发病风险因素的影响。
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