Air Quality and Public Health, UK Health Security Agency, UK.
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Poland.
Environ Int. 2023 Aug;178:108127. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108127. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
Buildings are constructed and operated to satisfy human needs and improve quality of life. Good indoor air quality (IAQ) and thermal comfort are prerequisites for human health and well-being. For their provision, buildings often rely on heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, which may lead to higher energy consumption. This directly impacts energy efficiency goals and the linked climate change considerations. The balance between energy use, optimum IAQ and thermal comfort calls for scientifically solid and well-established limit values for exposures experienced by building occupants in indoor spaces, including homes, schools, and offices. The present paper aims to appraise limit values for selected indoor pollutants reported in the scientific literature, and to present how they are handled in international and national guidelines and standards. The pollutants include carbon dioxide (CO), formaldehyde (CHO), particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and radon (Rn). Furthermore, acknowledging the particularly strong impact on energy use from HVAC, ventilation, indoor temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) are also included, as they relate to both thermal comfort and the possibilities to avoid moisture related problems, such as mould growth and proliferation of house dust mites. Examples of national regulations for these parameters are presented, both in relation to human requirements in buildings and considering aspects related to energy saving. The work is based on the Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) guidelines database, which spans across countries and institutions, and aids in taking steps in the direction towards a more uniform guidance for values of indoor parameters. The database is coordinated by the Scientific and Technical Committee (STC) 34, as part of ISIAQ, the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate.
建筑物的建造和运营是为了满足人类的需求并提高生活质量。良好的室内空气质量 (IAQ) 和热舒适度是人类健康和福祉的前提条件。为了提供这些条件，建筑物通常依赖于供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC) 系统，这可能导致更高的能源消耗。这直接影响到能源效率目标和相关的气候变化考虑因素。在能源使用、最佳 IAQ 和热舒适度之间取得平衡，需要为建筑物使用者在室内空间（包括家庭、学校和办公室）中所经历的暴露制定科学可靠且成熟的限值。本文旨在评估科学文献中报告的选定室内污染物的限值，并介绍它们在国际和国家标准中的处理方式。这些污染物包括二氧化碳 (CO)、甲醛 (CHO)、颗粒物 (PM)、二氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化碳 (CO) 和氡 (Rn)。此外，由于 HVAC、通风、室内温度 (T) 和相对湿度 (RH) 对能源使用的影响特别大，因此也将它们包括在内，因为它们与热舒适度以及避免与湿度相关的问题（如霉菌生长和尘螨滋生）的可能性有关。本文还介绍了这些参数的国家法规示例，既涉及建筑物中的人类要求，又考虑了节能相关的方面。这项工作基于室内环境质量 (IEQ) 指南数据库，该数据库跨越国家和机构，有助于朝着更统一的室内参数值指导方向迈进。该数据库由科学技术委员会 34 协调，作为国际室内空气品质与气候学会 (ISIAQ) 的一部分。
