Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Animal. 2023 Jun;17 Suppl 2:100918. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.100918. Epub 2023 Jul 24.
The primary challenge of agriculture and livestock production is to face the growing competition between food, feed, fibre, and fuel, converting them from resource-intensive to resource-efficient. A circular economy approach, using agricultural by-products/co-products, in the livestock production system would allow to reduce, reuse, and redistribute the resources. Former food products (FFPs), also named ex-foods, could represent a valid option in strengthening resilience in animal nutrition. FFPs have a promising potential to be included regularly in animal diets due to their nutritive value, although their potential in animal nutrition remains understudied. A thorough investigation of the compositional and dietary features, thus, is essential to provide new and fundamental insights to effectively reuse FFPs as upgraded products for swine nutrition. Safety aspects, such as the microbial load or the presence of packaging remnants, should be considered with caution. Here, with a holistic approach, we review several aspects of FFPs and their use as feed ingredients: the nutritional and functional evaluation, the impact of the inclusion of FFPs in pigs' diet on growth performance and welfare, and further aspects related to safety and sustainability of FFPs.
农业和畜牧业生产面临的主要挑战是应对粮食、饲料、纤维和燃料之间日益激烈的竞争，将它们从资源密集型转变为资源高效型。在畜牧业生产系统中采用农业副产品/副产物的循环经济方法，可以减少、再利用和重新分配资源。以前的食品（FFPs），也称为废食品，由于其营养价值，可能是增强动物营养弹性的一个有效选择。FFPs 具有有希望的潜力，可以定期纳入动物饮食，因为它们的营养价值，尽管它们在动物营养中的潜力仍未得到充分研究。因此，彻底调查组成和饮食特征对于有效将 FFPs 作为升级产品重新用于猪营养至关重要。安全方面，如微生物负荷或包装残余物的存在，应谨慎考虑。在这里，我们采用整体方法，综述了 FFPs 的几个方面及其作为饲料成分的用途：营养价值和功能评估、FFPs 在猪日粮中的添加对生长性能和福利的影响，以及与 FFPs 的安全性和可持续性相关的其他方面。
