Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy; Agroscope, Institute for Livestock Sciences, La Tioleyre 4, 1725 Posieux, Switzerland.
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Animal. 2022 Jul;16(7):100584. doi: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100584. Epub 2022 Jul 4.
Awareness of the need to improve the sustainability of livestock by reducing the loss of natural resources has increased significantly. This study investigated the effects of two categories of food industry leftovers, also referred to as former foodstuff products (FFPs), on pig gut microbiota and intestinal volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. Thirty-six female postweaning piglets (28 days old, Large White × Landrace, 6.5 ± 1.1 kg) were separated into three groups and fed a conventional diet (CTR), and diets in which cereals were partially replaced (30% w/w) by sugary confectionery products (FFPs-C) or salty bakery products (FFPs-B), respectively. After 42 days of dietary treatments, faeces were collected from the rectal ampulla, snap-frozen, and used for next-generation sequencing to analyse the composition and the alpha and beta diversity indexes of the microbial population. The concentration of VFAs in the intestinal content collected at the slaughterhouse was also analysed. The study demonstrated that balanced diets can be obtained by the inclusion of both FFPs-C and FFPs-B, with a similar chemical composition compared to traditional diets. Neither the FFPs-C nor FFPs-B diets affected the abundance and biodiversity indexes of the microbial community. Only a few taxa, normally attributed to a healthy gut, increased with FFPs-C and FFPs-B compared to the CTR. The experimental diets had no impact on the production of the VFAs in the faeces. Lastly, the inclusion at 30% (w/w) of both categories of FFP diets slightly affected the faecal microbiota. FFPs could thus be used as a promising alternative to traditional ingredients in pig diets; however, additional analyses are needed to further investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria. The effects of such ingredients on other markers of gut health, and on product quality when used in the fattening period also need to be investigated.
提高牲畜可持续性以减少自然资源损失的意识显著增强。本研究调查了两类食品工业废料（也称为前食品产品，FFPs）对猪肠道微生物群和肠道挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）产生的影响。将 36 头断奶后母猪（28 天龄，大白猪×长白猪，6.5±1.1kg）分为三组，分别饲喂常规日粮（CTR）和部分用含糖甜食产品（FFPs-C）或咸烘焙产品（FFPs-B）替代谷物的日粮（分别为 30%w/w）。经过 42 天的饮食处理后，从直肠壶腹收集粪便，立即冷冻，并用于下一代测序，以分析微生物种群的组成和 alpha 和 beta 多样性指数。还分析了在屠宰场收集的肠内容物中 VFA 的浓度。研究表明，通过包含 FFPs-C 和 FFPs-B，可以获得平衡的饮食，其化学成分与传统饮食相似。FFPs-C 和 FFPs-B 饮食均未影响微生物群落的丰度和生物多样性指数。只有少数通常归因于健康肠道的分类群随着 FFPs-C 和 FFPs-B 的增加而增加，与 CTR 相比。实验饮食对粪便中 VFA 的产生没有影响。最后，在 30%（w/w）的两种 FFPs 饮食中添加了轻微影响了粪便微生物群。因此，FFPs 可以作为猪饲料中传统成分的有前途的替代品；然而，需要进行更多的分析来进一步研究潜在致病细菌的存在。还需要研究此类成分对其他肠道健康标志物的影响，以及在育肥期使用时对产品质量的影响。
