Department of International Trade and Finance, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Nazilli, 09800, Aydin, Türkiye.
Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Anadolu University, Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Sep;30(42):95394-95409. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29020-8. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
It is crucial to fulfill sustainable development goals in combating environmental pollution. Recently, there has been a growing literature on environmental pollution; however, while many proxies represent environmental pollution, few proxies represent environmental sustainability. In this paper, we examine the effects of institutional quality (SDG-16), economic growth (SDG-8), and renewable energy (SDG-7) on the inverted load capacity factor (SDG-13) in OECD countries from 1999 to 2018. The objective is to ensure environmental sustainability within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. In this respect, the study differs from the existing literature by approaching the sustainable environment literature from a broader perspective. Long-term empirical estimates from the PMG-ARDL technique have shown that institutional quality, reel income, and population increase the inverted load capacity factor, that is, decrease environmental sustainability. However, on the contrary, renewable energy decreases the inverted load capacity factor. Therefore, renewable energy consumption helps reach SDG-7 and SDG-13 in OECD countries. In addition, it is found that economic growth is significant both in the long run and in the short run, and the impact of economic growth on the environment is greater in the short run than in the long run. This result supports the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for OECD countries. The panel causality test results find a bidirectional causality relationship from renewable energy and population to inverted load capacity factor and a unidirectional causality relationship from institutional quality to inverted load capacity factor. This study argues that policymakers should concentrate on deploying environmentally friendly technology to slow down environmental degradation, increase the usage of renewable energy sources, and promote sustainable development in line with the SDGs.
实现可持续发展目标以应对环境污染至关重要。最近，有关环境污染的文献越来越多；然而，虽然有许多代理变量代表环境污染，但很少有代理变量代表环境可持续性。本文考察了制度质量（SDG-16）、经济增长（SDG-8）和可再生能源（SDG-7）对 OECD 国家 1999 年至 2018 年倒载能力系数（SDG-13）的影响。目的是在可持续发展目标（SDGs）框架内确保环境可持续性。在这方面，该研究与现有文献的不同之处在于，从更广泛的角度探讨可持续环境文献。PMG-ARDL 技术的长期实证估计表明，制度质量、实际收入和人口增加了倒载能力系数，即降低了环境可持续性。然而，相反，可再生能源减少了倒载能力系数。因此，可再生能源的消耗有助于 OECD 国家实现 SDG-7 和 SDG-13。此外，研究发现经济增长在长期和短期都是显著的，经济增长对环境的影响在短期大于长期。这一结果支持了 OECD 国家的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说。面板因果关系检验结果发现，可再生能源和人口与倒载能力系数之间存在双向因果关系，制度质量与倒载能力系数之间存在单向因果关系。本研究认为，政策制定者应集中精力部署环保技术，减缓环境恶化，增加可再生能源的使用，并按照可持续发展目标促进可持续发展。
