Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, Nigeria.
African Center of Excellence for Mycotoxin and Food Safety, Federal University of Technology, Niger State, Minna, Nigeria.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(52):111916-111935. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-29004-8. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
Crude oil exploitation in the Niger Delta, particularly in Ogoniland, brought environmental devastation occasioned by petroleum pollution, as farmlands and water sources were destroyed. This study was designed to remediate crude oil contaminated water obtained from water sources in Ogoniland using two green algal species. Thirty water samples were collected from eight different water sources. The samples were analysed for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) using gas chromatography/flame ionization detector (GC/FID). Algal samples were collected from Ogba River and at wetland in Military Hospital Benin, Edo State, Nigeria. The algal samples were identified, screened, optimized and grown in Bold basal medium. Results obtained from the determination of TPH showed that the infiltrated pond (Exc) sample site had the highest concentration among all the sites sampled with 198.8329 μg/L, R with 134.1296 μg/L, R with 108.9394 μg/L, R with 105.8011 μg/L, R with 98.442 8 μg/L, the hand-dug wells (Wll) had 9.6586 μg/L while the borehole (Bhl) had the lowest with 1.8310 μg/L. It was deduced that pollution of water sources was principally because of pollutants washed from the soil environment into the open surface water sources via run-off rather than through the seepage from the underground aquifers, incriminating illegal oil mining and artisanal refining. Results obtained from the analysis of algal growth medium indicated that the two algal species were able to absorb the hydrocarbon contaminants, albeit at different rates, corresponding with the algal growth rate. Analysis of algal biomass after 4 weeks of remediation showed that from the initial 10.27 μg/20 mL added to the growth medium, the highest TPH mean value of 0.490 μg/20 mL was extracted from Ulothrix zonata (F.Weber & Mohr) Kützing biomass grown in Exc compared to 0.344 μg/20 mL of TPH extracted from Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & R.W.Krauss grown in the same sample site. Also, Ulothrix zonata had higher TPH yield 0.023 μg/20 mL in Bhl compared to Chlorella sorokiniana 0.021 μg/20 mL of TPH from the same water source. This result indicated Ulothrix zonata had superior TPH phycoremediation ability to Chlorella sorokiniana. While the present study calls for deployment of the algal species for field trial, it is strongly recommended that crude oil pollution should be discouraged.
尼日尔三角洲的原油开采，特别是在奥戈尼兰，造成了石油污染引发的环境破坏，农田和水源遭到破坏。本研究旨在使用两种绿藻物种修复从奥戈尼兰水源中获得的受原油污染的水。从八个不同的水源采集了 30 个水样。使用气相色谱/火焰电离检测器 (GC/FID) 分析水样中的总石油烃 (TPH)。藻样取自奥格巴河和埃多州贝宁军事医院的湿地。对藻样进行鉴定、筛选、优化并在 Bold 基础培养基中生长。从 TPH 测定结果可知，渗滤池（Exc）采样点的浓度最高，所有采样点中浓度为 198.8329μg/L，R 点浓度为 134.1296μg/L，R 点浓度为 108.9394μg/L，R 点浓度为 105.8011μg/L，R 点浓度为 98.4428μg/L，手挖井（Wll）点浓度为 9.6586μg/L，而钻孔（Bhl）点浓度最低，浓度为 1.8310μg/L。可以推断，水源污染主要是由于污染物从土壤环境冲刷到露天地表水，而不是通过地下含水层的渗漏，这涉及到非法石油开采和手工提炼。藻类生长介质分析结果表明，两种藻类都能够吸收烃类污染物，尽管吸收速率不同，但与藻类的生长速率相对应。修复 4 周后分析藻生物质，发现从最初添加到生长介质中的 10.27μg/20mL，从 Exc 中生长的 Ulothrix zonata（F.Weber & Mohr）Kützing 生物量中提取的最高 TPH 平均值为 0.490μg/20mL，而在同一采样点生长的 Chlorella sorokiniana Shihira & R.W.Krauss 中提取的 TPH 平均值为 0.344μg/20mL。此外，Ulothrix zonata 在 Bhl 中的 TPH 产量为 0.023μg/20mL，高于同一水源中 Chlorella sorokiniana 的 0.021μg/20mL。该结果表明，Ulothrix zonata 对 TPH 的生物修复能力优于 Chlorella sorokiniana。虽然本研究呼吁部署藻类物种进行现场试验，但强烈建议应避免原油污染。
