Exploration of human pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors from Physalis peruviana for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, accounts for ∼90% of all types of diabetes. Pancreatic α-amylase is a potential drug target for preventing postprandial hyperglycemia and inhibiting T2D in humans. Although many synthetic drugs have been identified against pancreatic α-amylase, however, reported several side effects, and plant-derived natural products are less explored against T2D. This study tested 34 flavonoids derived from the plant against the human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) using computational approaches such as molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Schrödinger, a drug discovery package with modules applicable for molecular docking, protein-ligand interaction analysis, molecular dynamics, post-dynamics simulation, and binding free energy calculation, was employed for all computational studies. Four flavonoids, namely, Chlorogenic acid, Withaperuvin F, Withaperuvin H, and Rutin, were picked based on their docking score ranging between -7.03 kcal/mol and -11.35 kcal/mol compared to the docking score -7.3 kcal/mol of reference ligand, i.e. Myricetin. The molecular dynamics analysis suggested that all flavonoids showed considerable stability within the protein's catalytic pocket, except chlorogenic acid, which showed high deviation during the last 15 ns. However, the interactions observed in initial docking and extracted from the simulation trajectory involved > 90% identical residues, indicating the affinity and stability of the docked flavonoids with the protein. Therefore, all four compounds identified in this study are proposed as promising antidiabetic candidates and should be further considered for their and validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.