Zhong Charlie, Yin Xiaozhe, Fallah-Shorshani Masoud, Islam Talat, McConnell Rob, Fruin Scott, Franklin Meredith
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
Department of Statistical Sciences and School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Aug 1;7(4):e264. doi: 10.1097/EE9.0000000000000264. eCollection 2023 Aug.
More than half of adolescent children do not get the recommended 8 hours of sleep necessary for optimal growth and development. In adults, several studies have evaluated effects of urban stressors including lack of greenspace, air pollution, noise, nighttime light, and psychosocial stress on sleep duration. Little is known about these effects in adolescents, however, it is known that these exposures vary by socioeconomic status (SES). We evaluated the association between several environmental exposures and sleep in adolescent children in Southern California.
In 2010, a total of 1476 Southern California Children's Health Study (CHS) participants in grades 9 and 10 (mean age, 13.4 years; SD, 0.6) completed a questionnaire including topics on sleep and psychosocial stress. Exposures to greenspace, artificial light at night (ALAN), nighttime noise, and air pollution were estimated at each child's residential address, and SES was characterized by maternal education. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for sleep outcomes were estimated by environmental exposure, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, home secondhand smoke, and SES.
An interquartile range (IQR) increase in greenspace decreased the odds of not sleeping at least 8 hours (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71, 1.05]). This association was significantly protective in low SES participants (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.60, 0.98]) but not for those with high SES (OR, 1.16 [95%CI, 0.80, 1.70]), interaction = 0.03. Stress mediated 18.4% of the association among low SES participants.
Residing in urban neighborhoods of greater greenness was associated with improved sleep duration among children of low SES but not higher SES. These findings support the importance of widely reported disparities in exposure and access to greenspace in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations.
超过半数的青少年儿童没有达到促进最佳生长发育所需的建议睡眠时间8小时。在成年人中，多项研究评估了包括缺乏绿地空间、空气污染、噪音、夜间光照和心理社会压力等城市压力源对睡眠时间的影响。然而，对于青少年的这些影响知之甚少，不过已知这些暴露情况因社会经济地位（SES）而异。我们评估了南加州青少年儿童的几种环境暴露因素与睡眠之间的关联。
2010年，共有1476名南加州儿童健康研究（CHS）9年级和10年级的参与者（平均年龄13.4岁；标准差0.6）完成了一份包括睡眠和心理社会压力等主题的问卷。在每个孩子的居住地址估算绿地空间、夜间人工光照（ALAN）、夜间噪音和空气污染的暴露情况，并用母亲的教育程度来表征社会经济地位。通过环境暴露因素估算睡眠结果的比值比和95%置信区间（95%CI），并对年龄、性别、种族/族裔、家庭二手烟和社会经济地位进行调整。
绿地空间增加一个四分位数间距（IQR）会降低睡眠不足8小时的几率（比值比[OR]，0.86[95%CI，0.71，1.05]）。这种关联在低社会经济地位参与者中具有显著的保护作用（OR，0.77[95%CI，0.60，0.98]），但在高社会经济地位参与者中则不然（OR，1.16[95%CI，0.80，1.70]），交互作用 = 0.03。压力在低社会经济地位参与者的关联中起了18.4%的中介作用。
居住在绿化程度更高的城市社区与低社会经济地位儿童的睡眠时间改善有关，但与高社会经济地位儿童无关。这些发现支持了在社会经济弱势人群中广泛报道的在接触绿地空间和获得绿地空间方面存在差异的重要性。
