Rigolon Alessandro, Browning Matthew H E M, McAnirlin Olivia, Yoon Hyunseo Violet
Department of City and Metropolitan Planning, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 4;18(5):2563. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052563.
Disadvantaged groups worldwide, such as low-income and racially/ethnically minoritized people, experience worse health outcomes than more privileged groups, including wealthier and white people. Such health disparities are a major public health issue in several countries around the world. In this systematic review, we examine whether green space shows stronger associations with physical health for disadvantaged groups than for privileged groups. We hypothesize that disadvantaged groups have stronger protective effects from green space because of their greater dependency on proximate green space, as they tend to lack access to other health-promoting resources. We use the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method and search five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to look for articles that examine whether socioeconomic status (SES) or race/ethnicity modify the green space-health associations. Based on this search, we identify 90 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. We find lower-SES people show more beneficial effects than affluent people, particularly when concerning public green spaces/parks rather than green land covers/greenness. Studies in Europe show stronger protective effects for lower-SES people versus higher-SES people than do studies in North America. We find no notable differences in the protective effects of green space between racial/ethnic groups. Collectively, these results suggest green space might be a tool to advance health equity and provide ways forward for urban planners, parks managers, and public health professionals to address health disparities.
全球范围内的弱势群体，如低收入人群以及在种族/族裔上处于少数地位的人群，与包括较富裕人群和白人在内的更具优势的群体相比，健康状况更差。这种健康差距是世界上几个国家的一个主要公共卫生问题。在这项系统评价中，我们研究绿地对弱势群体的身体健康的关联是否比对优势群体更强。我们假设弱势群体从绿地中获得的保护作用更强，因为他们对附近绿地的依赖性更大，因为他们往往缺乏获得其他促进健康资源的机会。我们采用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方法，并检索五个数据库（CINAHL、Cochrane、PubMed、Scopus和Web of Science），以查找研究社会经济地位（SES）或种族/族裔是否会改变绿地与健康之间关联的文章。基于此检索，我们确定了90篇符合我们纳入标准的文章。我们发现，社会经济地位较低的人群比富裕人群表现出更有益的影响，特别是在涉及公共绿地/公园而非绿地覆盖/绿化程度时。欧洲的研究表明，与北美研究相比，社会经济地位较低的人群比社会经济地位较高的人群具有更强的保护作用。我们发现不同种族/族裔群体在绿地保护作用方面没有显著差异。总体而言，这些结果表明绿地可能是促进健康公平的一种工具，并为城市规划者、公园管理者和公共卫生专业人员解决健康差距提供了前进方向。
