Garcia-Molina Irene, Rodríguez-Clavell Paula
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló, Spain.
Fundació Síndrome de down Castelló, Castelló, Spain.
Int J Dev Disabil. 2022 Dec 19;69(5):767-774. doi: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2156666. eCollection 2023.
The present study investigates the possible differences between neurotypical children (NT), autistic children, and adults with intellectual disability (ID) related to (i) morality of the agent, (ii) morality of the action, and (iii) culpability in inappropriate situations. Eighty-four Spanish participants (32 NT, 30 autistic children, and 22 adults with ID) responded to a task of moral transgression with an unambiguous structure (bad intention - bad outcome), where the stories were classified as first-order Theory of Mind (ToM) (based on simple desires) and second-order ToM (based on revenge). Autistic group judged similarly to NT group. However, adults with ID had greater difficulty judging the (ii) morality of the action (compared with the autistic and NT group) and (iii) culpability (compared with the NT group). Also, ID adults encountered problems responding the moral questions in the balloon story (second-order ToM) and ice-cream story (first-order ToM). Autistic and NT children were able to make similar moral judgements, however adults with ID did not respond in the same way - as they were more benevolent in their judgements.
本研究调查了典型发育儿童（NT）、自闭症儿童和成年智力障碍者（ID）在以下方面可能存在的差异：（i）行为主体的道德性，（ii）行为的道德性，以及（iii）在不当情境中的罪责感。84名西班牙参与者（32名NT、30名自闭症儿童和22名成年ID患者）对一个结构明确（不良意图 - 不良后果）的道德违规任务做出反应，其中故事被分类为一阶心理理论（ToM）（基于简单欲望）和二阶ToM（基于报复）。自闭症组的判断与NT组相似。然而，成年ID患者在判断（ii）行为的道德性（与自闭症组和NT组相比）和（iii）罪责感（与NT组相比）方面有更大困难。此外，ID成年患者在回答气球故事（二阶ToM）和冰淇淋故事（一阶ToM）中的道德问题时遇到困难。自闭症儿童和NT儿童能够做出相似的道德判断，然而成年ID患者的反应方式不同——他们的判断更为宽容。
