Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
VistaMilk Research Centre, Teagasc, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
Obes Rev. 2023 Nov;24(11):e13613. doi: 10.1111/obr.13613. Epub 2023 Aug 7.
There is a considerable appeal for interventions that can selectively reduce either the visceral or subcutaneous white adipose tissues in humans and other species because of their associated impact on outcomes related to metabolic health. Here, we reviewed the data related to the specificity of five interventions to affect the two depots in humans and rodents. The interventions relate to the use of dietary proteins, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, calorie restriction, or bariatric surgery. The available data show that calorie restriction and bariatric surgery reduce both visceral and subcutaneous tissues, whereas there is no consistency in the effect of monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary proteins, more specifically, whey proteins show efficacy to reduce one or both depots based on how the proteins interact with other macronutrients in the diet. We provide evidence that this specificity is related to changes in the composition and the functional potential of the gut microbiota and the resulting metabolites produced by these microorganisms. The effect of the sex of the host is also discussed. This knowledge may help to develop nutritional approaches to deplete either the visceral or subcutaneous adipose tissues and improve metabolic health in humans and other species.
由于干预措施可以选择性地减少人类和其他物种的内脏或皮下白色脂肪组织，因此它们具有相当大的吸引力，因为它们对与代谢健康相关的结果有影响。在这里，我们回顾了与五种干预措施的特异性相关的数据，这些干预措施可以影响人类和啮齿动物的这两个储存库。这些干预措施涉及膳食蛋白质、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、热量限制或减肥手术。现有数据表明，热量限制和减肥手术可以减少内脏和皮下组织，而单不饱和或多不饱和脂肪酸的影响并不一致。膳食蛋白质，更具体地说，乳清蛋白显示出根据蛋白质与饮食中的其他宏量营养素相互作用的效果来减少一个或两个储存库的功效。我们提供的证据表明，这种特异性与肠道微生物组的组成和功能潜力的变化以及这些微生物产生的代谢物有关。还讨论了宿主性别对其的影响。这些知识可能有助于开发营养方法来消耗内脏或皮下脂肪组织，并改善人类和其他物种的代谢健康。
