Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Section of Biological Sciences, University of Carthage, ISEP-BG La Soukra, Tunis, Tunisia.
Pest Manag Sci. 2023 Dec;79(12):5003-5014. doi: 10.1002/ps.7702. Epub 2023 Aug 19.
Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC ) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host.
Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC , the values of which were 9.78 × 10 and 1.46 × 10 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids.
This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
尽管蛹寄生蜂 Trichopria drosophilae 被用于对 Drosophila suzukii 侵扰进行保守和增强型生物防治，但当前的害虫管理策略主要依赖于多次使用杀虫剂。在这种情况下，本研究的目的是调查九种杀虫剂对 D. suzukii 幼虫的基础毒性及其对受污染饮食喂养的害虫未成熟阶段和在中毒宿主内发育的 T. drosophilae 的多种亚致死效应（LC ）。
毒死蜱和印楝素表现出最低和最高的 LC ，其值分别比推荐的田间使用剂量低 9.78×10 和 1.46×10 倍。在所测试的杀虫剂中，只有氯虫苯甲酰胺、马拉硫磷和二甲基氧膦不会影响 D. suzukii 的幼体发育时间，而螺虫乙酯和有机磷毒死蜱和二甲基氧膦则不会影响蝇蛹的大小。没有记录到亚致死效应对 T. drosophilae 的侵染程度（DI）和幼体发育时间的影响。相反，Cyazypyr 和二甲基氧膦对寄生成功率（SP）和蛹寄生蜂的后代数量产生负面影响，与马拉硫磷对第一个参数和螺虫乙酯对生育力有关。与未处理的对照相比，更多的雌性后代在接触印楝素后出现，而二甲基氧膦则产生相反的效果。氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯氟氰菊酯和 Spinetoram 降低了羽化寄生蜂的后胫骨长度。
本研究提供了关于九种杀虫剂的（生态）毒理学概况的新见解，并提供了支持在可持续管理技术中在现场部署 T. drosophilae 以对抗 D. suzukii 所需的新信息。
