State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
Plant Physiol. 2023 Nov 22;193(4):2260-2277. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad444.
Cell polarity results from the asymmetric distribution of cellular structures, molecules, and functions. Polarity is a fundamental cellular trait that can determine the orientation of cell division, the formation of particular cell shapes, and ultimately the development of a multicellular body. To maintain the distinct asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids in cellular membranes, plant cells have developed complex trafficking and regulatory mechanisms. Major advances have been made in our understanding of how membrane microdomains influence the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids. In this review, we first give an overview of cell polarity. Next, we discuss current knowledge concerning membrane microdomains and their roles as structural and signaling platforms to establish and maintain membrane polarity, with a special focus on the asymmetric distribution of proteins and lipids, and advanced microscopy techniques to observe and characterize membrane microdomains. Finally, we review recent advances regarding membrane trafficking in cell polarity establishment and how the balance between exocytosis and endocytosis affects membrane polarity.
细胞极性源于细胞结构、分子和功能的不对称分布。极性是一种基本的细胞特征，可以决定细胞分裂的方向、特定细胞形状的形成，最终决定多细胞生物体的发育。为了维持细胞膜中蛋白质和脂质的独特不对称分布，植物细胞已经发展出复杂的运输和调节机制。我们在理解膜微区如何影响蛋白质和脂质的不对称分布方面取得了重大进展。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了细胞极性。接下来，我们讨论了关于膜微区的现有知识及其作为结构和信号平台的作用，以建立和维持膜极性，特别关注蛋白质和脂质的不对称分布，以及观察和描述膜微区的先进显微镜技术。最后，我们回顾了关于细胞极性建立中膜运输的最新进展，以及外吐作用和内吞作用之间的平衡如何影响膜极性。
