Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 1;902:166085. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166085. Epub 2023 Aug 6.
Nowadays, it is of utmost importance to consider climate change factors, such as ocean warming, since the risk of negative impacts derived from increased surface water temperature is predicted to be high to the biodiversity. The need for renewable energy technologies, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, has led to the increasing use of rare earth elements (REEs). Dysprosium (Dy) is widely used in magnets, motors, electrical vehicles, and nuclear reactors, being considered a critical REE to technology due to its economic importance and high supply risk. However, the increasing use of this element contributes to the enrichment of anthropogenic REEs in aquatic systems. Nevertheless, the information on the potential toxicity of Dy is limited. Moreover, the effects of pollutants can be amplified when combined with climate change factors. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effects of Dy (10 μg/L) in the species Mytilus galloprovincialis under actual (17 °C) and predicted warming conditions (21 °C). The Dy concentration in contaminated mussels was similar between temperatures, probably due to the detoxification capacity in individuals under these treatments. The combined stressors affected the redox balance, but higher impacts were caused by Dy and warming acting alone. In terms of cellular damage, although Dy acting alone was prejudicial to mussels, warming and both stressors acting together induced higher levels of LPO and PC. The histopathological effects of Dy in the digestive tubules were independent of the temperature tested. Regarding effects on sperm, only warming induced cellular damage, while both stressors, alone and together, impaired sperm movement. Overall, this study highlights that warming might influence the effects induced by Dy, but greater impacts were caused by the element. Eventually, the tested stressors may have consequences on mussels' reproduction capacity as well as their growth, abundance, and survival.
如今，考虑气候变化因素至关重要，例如海洋变暖，因为预计表面水温升高会对生物多样性产生高风险的负面影响。为了减少温室气体排放，需要可再生能源技术，这导致对稀土元素 (REE) 的需求不断增加。镝 (Dy) 广泛用于磁铁、电机、电动汽车和核反应堆，由于其经济重要性和高供应风险，被认为是对技术至关重要的关键 REE。然而，这种元素的使用增加导致人为 REE 在水生系统中富集。然而，关于 Dy 的潜在毒性的信息有限。此外，当与气候变化因素结合时，污染物的影响可能会放大。因此，本研究旨在评估 Dy（10μg/L）在物种贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 中的影响在实际（17°C）和预测变暖条件（21°C）下。受污染贻贝中的 Dy 浓度在两种温度下相似，这可能是由于个体在这些处理下的解毒能力。联合胁迫因素影响了氧化还原平衡，但 Dy 和升温单独作用的影响更大。就细胞损伤而言，尽管 Dy 单独作用对贻贝有害，但升温以及两种胁迫因素的共同作用导致更高水平的 LPO 和 PC。Dy 在消化管中的组织病理学效应与测试的温度无关。关于对精子的影响，只有升温会导致细胞损伤，而单独和共同的两种胁迫因素都会损害精子运动。总体而言，本研究强调了升温可能会影响 Dy 引起的影响，但元素的影响更大。最终，测试的胁迫因素可能会对贻贝的繁殖能力以及它们的生长、丰度和生存产生影响。
