Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar ICM-CSIC, E-08003, Barcelona, Spain.
Chemosphere. 2022 Nov;307(Pt 2):135577. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135577. Epub 2022 Jul 2.
Most of the electric and electronic waste is not recycled and the release of its components into the environment is expected, including the rare-earth element Lanthanum (La), which has already been reported in the aquatic systems. Furthermore, considering climate change factors such as the predicted increase in temperature, the susceptibility of aquatic organisms to these rare elements may be modified. In light of this, the present study aimed to evaluate the relevance of temperature on La-derived effects in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Several biomarkers and La bioaccumulation were assessed in organisms exposed to 0 (control) and 10 μg/L of La at two distinct temperatures (17 and 22 °C) for 28 days. Results showed that temperature did not influence La bioaccumulation in mussels. However, exposure to La resulted in a decreased metabolic capacity and an enhancement of biotransformation enzymes activity, as a possible defense behavior of mussels to avoid La accumulation and toxicity. Nevertheless, antioxidant defenses were also inhibited leading to increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. Warming alone seemed to cause a metabolic shutdown seen as reduced enzyme activities and protein carbonylation (PC) levels. Simultaneous La exposure and temperature rise caused combined effects on mussels, as they accused metabolic depression, biotransformation defenses activation, antioxidant capacity reduction, and higher cellular damage. Overall, this study highlights the need to perform environmental risk assessment studies, by considering emerging contaminants exposures at relevant concentrations, both at present and forecasted climate change scenarios.
大多数电子和电气废物未被回收，其组件预计将释放到环境中，包括稀土元素镧（La），它已经在水生系统中被报道过。此外，考虑到气候变化因素，如预测的温度升高，水生生物对这些稀有元素的敏感性可能会发生变化。有鉴于此，本研究旨在评估温度对贻贝 Mytilus galloprovincialis 中镧衍生效应的相关性。在 17 和 22°C 两个不同温度下，将生物体暴露于 0（对照）和 10μg/L 的 La 28 天，评估了几种生物标志物和 La 生物累积。结果表明，温度不会影响贻贝中的 La 生物累积。然而，暴露于 La 会导致代谢能力下降和生物转化酶活性增强，这可能是贻贝避免 La 积累和毒性的防御行为。然而，抗氧化防御也被抑制，导致脂质过氧化（LPO）水平升高。单独升温似乎导致代谢关闭，表现为酶活性和蛋白质羰基化（PC）水平降低。同时暴露于 La 和温度升高对贻贝造成了联合影响，因为它们表现出代谢抑制、生物转化防御激活、抗氧化能力降低和更高的细胞损伤。总的来说，本研究强调了需要开展环境风险评估研究，在当前和预测的气候变化情景下，考虑到新兴污染物在相关浓度下的暴露。
