Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; Agricultural Management Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China.
Chemosphere. 2023 Nov;340:139719. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139719. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
Toxic and carcinogenic metal (loid)s, such arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd), found in contaminated paddy soils pose a serious danger to environmental sustainability. Their geochemical activities are complex, making it difficult to manage their contamination. Rice grown in Cd and As-polluted soils ends up in people's bellies, where it can cause cancer, anemia, and the deadly itai sickness. Solving this issue calls for research into eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation technology to lower rice's As and Cd levels. This research delves deeply into the origins of As and Cd in paddy soils, as well as their mobility, bioavailability, and uptake mechanisms by rice plants. It also examines the current methods and reactors used to lower As and Cd contamination in rice. Iron-modified biochar (Fe-BC) is a promising technology for reducing As and Cd toxicity in rice, improving soil health, and boosting rice's nutritional value. Biochar's physiochemical characteristics are enhanced by the addition of iron, making it a potent adsorbent for As and Cd ions. In conclusion, Fe-BC's biomembrane properties make them an attractive option for remediating As- and Cd-contaminated paddy soils. More efficient mitigation measures, including the use of biomembrane technology, can be developed when sustainable agriculture practices are combined with these technologies.
受污染稻田中存在的有毒致癌金属（类金属），如砷（As）和镉（Cd），对环境可持续性构成严重威胁。它们的地球化学活性复杂，使得其污染难以管理。生长在 Cd 和 As 污染土壤中的水稻最终进入人们的腹中，可能导致癌症、贫血和致命的痛痛病。解决这个问题需要研究环保且具有成本效益的修复技术，以降低大米中的 As 和 Cd 含量。本研究深入探讨了稻田中 As 和 Cd 的来源及其在土壤中的迁移性、生物可利用性和水稻吸收机制。它还考察了目前用于降低大米中 As 和 Cd 污染的方法和反应器。铁改性生物炭（Fe-BC）是一种有前途的降低水稻中 As 和 Cd 毒性、改善土壤健康和提高水稻营养价值的技术。铁的添加增强了生物炭的物理化学特性，使其成为 As 和 Cd 离子的有效吸附剂。总之，Fe-BC 的生物膜特性使它们成为修复 As 和 Cd 污染稻田的有吸引力的选择。当可持续农业实践与这些技术相结合时，可以开发更有效的缓解措施，包括使用生物膜技术。
