Duan Renyan, Meng Fumin, Yang Hui, Du Yihuan, Dai Qian, Zhang Yu
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China.
Key Laboratory of Development, Utilization, Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan Province, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2025 Aug 8;25(1):1037. doi: 10.1186/s12870-025-07071-y.
Antimony (Sb), with low biodegradability and high bioavailability in plants, poses significant health risks via the food chain due to its chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity. Modified biochar represents a promising amendment for ecological remediation of metal-contaminated croplands, yet the efficacy and mechanisms of its application in mitigating Sb accumulation and improving plant growth in Sb-polluted agricultural systems remain inadequately elucidated and require systematic investigation.
In this study, pristine biochar (BC) and iron-modified biochar (FeBC) were prepared from pomelo peel flesh (PPF; Citrus maxima), and their effects on rice root growth, Sb content, and metabolism under 30 mg/L Sb stress were evaluated. Treatment with 5 g/L BC and 5 g/L FeBC increased root length by 35.04% and 84.60%, respectively, while reducing Sb accumulation in roots by 25.79% and 28.03%, respectively. Root metabolite analysis showed that, compared to BC, FeBC significantly decreased levels of p-coumaroylagmatine, silibinin, and osmanthuside A by 75%, 37%, and 37%, respectively. Conversely, FeBC elevated levels of (S)-actinidine, phaeophorbide A, and 2-keto-6-acetamidocaproate by 187%, 156%, and 122%, respectively. These altered metabolites were enriched in five key metabolic pathways: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine biosynthesis; lysine degradation; tryptophan metabolism; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Correlation analysis demonstrated significant interrelationships among biochar-induced metabolites, root growth, and Sb accumulation dynamics under Sb stress.
The findings provided the insights that FeBC enhanced rice root metabolism and growth while reducing root Sb accumulation. This study provided a methodological foundation for developing eco-friendly remediation technologies in Sb-contaminated soils to enable safer and more sustainable rice production.
锑（Sb）在植物中生物降解性低且生物有效性高，因其慢性毒性和致癌性，通过食物链对健康构成重大风险。改性生物炭是金属污染农田生态修复的一种有前景的改良剂，但其在减轻锑污染农业系统中锑积累和促进植物生长方面的功效及机制仍未得到充分阐明，需要系统研究。
本研究以柚子皮果肉（PPF；Citrus maxima）制备了原始生物炭（BC）和铁改性生物炭（FeBC），并评估了它们在30 mg/L锑胁迫下对水稻根系生长、锑含量和代谢的影响。5 g/L BC和5 g/L FeBC处理分别使根长增加了35.04%和84.60%，同时根中锑积累分别减少了25.79%和28.03%。根系代谢物分析表明，与BC相比，FeBC使对香豆酰腐胺、水飞蓟宾和丹桂苷A的水平分别显著降低了75%、37%和37%。相反，FeBC使（S）-猕猴桃碱、脱镁叶绿酸A和2-酮-6-乙酰氨基己酸的水平分别提高了187%、156%和122%。这些变化的代谢物富集在五个关键代谢途径中：苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成；苯丙氨酸生物合成；赖氨酸降解；色氨酸代谢；泛酸和辅酶A生物合成。相关性分析表明，在锑胁迫下，生物炭诱导的代谢物、根系生长和锑积累动态之间存在显著的相互关系。
研究结果表明，FeBC增强了水稻根系代谢和生长，同时减少了根系锑积累。本研究为开发受锑污染土壤的生态友好修复技术提供了方法基础，以实现更安全、更可持续的水稻生产。
