Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada.
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L3G1, Canada.
Dev Comp Immunol. 2023 Oct;147:104733. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104733. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) is widely distributed across North America and is the only amphibian found north of the Arctic Circle due to its remarkable ability to tolerate whole-body freezing. Recent mass mortalities attributable to Ranavirus spp. (family Iridoviridae) in wild juvenile wood frogs, coupled with the apparent high susceptibility of wood frogs to experimental infection with frog virus 3 (FV3), the type species of the Ranavirus genus, or FV3-like isolates underscore the serious threat ranaviruses poses to wood frog populations. Despite the ecological relevance and unique life history of wood frogs, our understanding of the wood frog immune system and antiviral response to ranaviral infections is in its infancy. Here we aim to (1) synthesize the limited knowledge of wood frog immune defences, (2) review recent progress in establishing the wood frog as a study system for ranavirus infection, and (3) highlight the future use of wood frogs as a model anuran to provide insight into the evolution of anuran immune systems and antiviral responses.
林蛙（Rana sylvatica）广泛分布于北美洲，是唯一一种生活在北极圈以北的两栖动物，这要归功于其全身抗冻的非凡能力。最近，由于虹彩病毒科（Iridoviridae 家族）Ranavirus spp.（种）导致野生幼体林蛙大量死亡，再加上林蛙对实验性感染蛙病毒 3（FV3）——虹彩病毒属的模式种或 FV3 样分离株——的明显高易感性，突显了 Ranavirus 对林蛙种群的严重威胁。尽管林蛙具有生态相关性和独特的生活史，但我们对林蛙免疫系统和抗病毒反应的了解还处于起步阶段。在这里，我们旨在（1）综合林蛙免疫防御的有限知识，（2）综述最近在将林蛙确立为虹彩病毒感染研究系统方面的进展，以及（3）强调未来使用林蛙作为模型蛙类，以深入了解蛙类免疫系统和抗病毒反应的进化。
