Kumar Munish, Singh Rachel S, Singh Gagandeep, Raj Pritam, Gupta Himanshi, Kasrija Rishabh
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College and Research Institute, Sunam, IND.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, JSS Dental College and Hospital, Mysuru, IND.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 6;15(7):e41478. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41478. eCollection 2023 Jul.
The chin is a crucial component of facial aesthetics, and 20% of craniofacial problems require repair of the chin size, shape, and position. Genioplasty is used to treat irregularities in all three planes of the chin. Specific hard and soft tissue relapses following various genioplasty techniques have not been adequately studied in the literature to date. The purpose of this scoping review was to investigate the stability of hard and soft tissue changes achieved by different genioplasty procedures, six months after the procedure. A literature search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Wiley Online, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases from January 1, 2011 to October 31, 2022. Prospective and retrospective cohorts, case-control studies, observational studies, and randomized control trials, with at least 10 patients, which were written in English and evaluated the stability of different genioplasty procedures, with a follow-up period of at least six months were included. The manual and electronic search yielded 523 articles, and after complete screening, seven articles were selected (five with advancement genioplasty and two with reduction genioplasty) that met the eligibility criteria for review. The patients undergoing reduction genioplasty had a mean age of 24.15 years, compared to 20.5 years for augmentation genioplasty. The average follow-up period was 18.64 months for augmentation genioplasty and 10.5 months for reduction genioplasty technique. The relapse was assessed at pogonion, and it was noted that the average surgical advancement at hard tissue pogonion was 7.04 mm with a relapse of 0.69 mm after six months post-treatment. The average vertical movement of the hard tissue pogonion was 1.8 mm with a relapse of 0.74 mm. The average reduction at hard tissue pogonion was 3.2 mm in the vertical direction with a relapse of 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm reduction in soft tissue pogonion with a relapse of 0.3 mm. The soft to hard tissue ratio mentioned in the different studies ranged from 0.89 to 0.97. Both reduction and augmentation genioplasty are stable and reliable for altering the chin position for aesthetic purposes. The recommended mode of fixation is rigid fixation.
下巴是面部美学的关键组成部分，20%的颅面问题需要修复下巴的大小、形状和位置。颏成形术用于治疗下巴在所有三个平面上的不规则情况。迄今为止，各种颏成形术技术后特定的硬组织和软组织复发情况在文献中尚未得到充分研究。本范围综述的目的是调查不同颏成形术在术后六个月所实现的硬组织和软组织变化的稳定性。对2011年1月1日至2022年10月31日期间的PubMed、科学网、Embase、Wiley Online、Scopus、谷歌学术、Science Direct和Cochrane数据库进行了文献检索。纳入了前瞻性和回顾性队列研究、病例对照研究、观察性研究以及随机对照试验，研究对象至少有10名患者，研究以英文撰写，评估了不同颏成形术的稳定性，随访期至少为六个月。人工检索和电子检索共获得523篇文章，经过全面筛选，选择了7篇符合综述纳入标准的文章（5篇为前徙颏成形术，2篇为缩减颏成形术）。接受缩减颏成形术的患者平均年龄为24.15岁，而接受增大颏成形术的患者平均年龄为20.5岁。增大颏成形术的平均随访期为18.64个月，缩减颏成形术技术的平均随访期为10.5个月。在颏点评估复发情况，结果显示治疗后六个月硬组织颏点的平均手术前徙为7.04毫米，复发0.69毫米。硬组织颏点的平均垂直移动为1.8毫米，复发0.74毫米。硬组织颏点在垂直方向的平均缩减为3.2毫米，复发0.2毫米，软组织颏点缩减0.8毫米，复发0.3毫米。不同研究中提到的软组织与硬组织的比例在0.89至0.97之间。缩减颏成形术和增大颏成形术在出于美学目的改变下巴位置方面都是稳定且可靠的。推荐的固定方式是坚固内固定。
