Mukherjee Pritha, Bhattacharjee Shamee, Mandal Deba Prasad
Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, Malikapur, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India.
Asian Biomed (Res Rev News). 2022 Feb 28;16(1):3-14. doi: 10.2478/abm-2022-0002. eCollection 2022 Feb.
Cancer remains elusive in many aspects, especially in its causes and control. After protein profiling, genetic screening, and mutation studies, scientists now have turned their attention to epigenetic modulation. This new arena has brought to light the world of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Although very complicated and often confusing, ncRNA domains are now among the most attractive molecular markers for epigenetic control of cancer. Long ncRNA and microRNA (miRNA) have been studied best among the noncoding genome and huge data have accumulated regarding their inhibitory and promoting effects in cancer. Another sector of ncRNAs is the world of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Initially discovered with the asymmetric division of germline stem cells in the ovary, piRNAs have a unique capability to associate with mammalian proteins analogous to P-element induced wimpy testis (PIWI) in and are capable of silencing transposons. After a brief introduction to its discovery timelines, the present narrative review covers the biogenesis, function, and role of piRNAs in lung cancer. The effects on lung cancer are highlighted under sections of cell proliferation, stemness maintenance, metastasis, and overall survival, and the review concludes with a discussion of recent discoveries of another class of small ncRNAs, the piRNA-like RNAs (piR-Ls).
癌症在许多方面仍然难以捉摸，尤其是在其病因和控制方面。在进行蛋白质谱分析、基因筛查和突变研究之后，科学家们现在已将注意力转向表观遗传调控。这个新领域揭示了非编码RNA（ncRNA）的世界。尽管非常复杂且常常令人困惑，但ncRNA领域现在是癌症表观遗传控制中最具吸引力的分子标志物之一。在非编码基因组中，长链非编码RNA和微小RNA（miRNA）的研究最为深入，关于它们在癌症中的抑制和促进作用已经积累了大量数据。ncRNAs的另一个领域是与PIWI相互作用的RNA（piRNAs）的世界。piRNAs最初是在卵巢生殖系干细胞的不对称分裂中发现的，它具有与哺乳动物中类似于P-元件诱导的弱精睾丸（PIWI）蛋白结合的独特能力，并且能够沉默转座子。在简要介绍其发现时间线之后，本篇叙述性综述涵盖了piRNAs在肺癌中的生物发生、功能和作用。在细胞增殖、干性维持、转移和总体生存等部分突出了其对肺癌的影响，并且综述最后讨论了另一类小ncRNAs，即piRNA样RNA（piR-Ls）的最新发现。
