Environmental Management Research Institute, National Institute of Advance Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
Analyst. 2023 Sep 11;148(18):4396-4405. doi: 10.1039/d3an01000g.
Urinalysis is attracting interest in personal healthcare management as part of a general move to improve quality of life. Urine contains various metabolites and the protein level in urine is an indicator of kidney function. In this study, a novel electrochemical sensing system based on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes was developed for the detection of protein concentrations in human urine. BDD electrodes have the advantages of a wide electrochemical potential window and low non-specific adsorption, making them ideal for simple, rapid, and compact devices for home detection of bio-relevant substances. Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB), a dye that selectively and strongly binds to urine proteins, was found to be a redox-active indicator to show a decrease in its redox currents in relation to the concentration of protein in urine samples. Our detailed studies of BDD electrodes showed their limit of detection to be 2.57 μg mL and that they have a linear response that ranges from 0 to 400 μg mL in urine samples. We also investigated the detection of urine protein in different urine samples. Our results agreed with those obtained using conventional colorimetric analysis. We believe this to be the first study of electrochemical detection of urine protein in urine samples on BDD electrodes, which is of great significance to be able to obtain results with electrical signals rapidly compared to conventional colorimetric analysis. This CBB-BDD technique has the potential to assist healthcare management in the form of a rapid daily diagnostic test to judge whether a more detailed examination is needed.
尿液分析作为提高生活质量的综合措施之一，正引起个人健康管理领域的关注。尿液中含有各种代谢物，尿液中的蛋白质水平是肾功能的一个指标。在这项研究中，开发了一种基于掺硼金刚石（BDD）电极的新型电化学传感系统，用于检测人尿液中的蛋白质浓度。BDD 电极具有电化学势窗口宽、非特异性吸附低等优点，非常适合用于简单、快速、紧凑的家庭生物相关物质检测设备。考马斯亮蓝（CBB）是一种选择性强、与尿液蛋白结合牢固的染料，被发现是一种氧化还原活性指示剂，其氧化还原电流随尿液样品中蛋白质浓度的变化而降低。我们对 BDD 电极的详细研究表明，其检测限为 2.57μg·mL，在尿液样品中，其线性响应范围为 0 至 400μg·mL。我们还研究了不同尿液样品中尿蛋白的检测。我们的结果与传统比色分析的结果一致。我们相信这是首次在 BDD 电极上对尿液样本中的尿蛋白进行电化学检测的研究，与传统比色分析相比，该方法能够快速获得电信号，具有重要意义。这种 CBB-BDD 技术有可能通过快速日常诊断测试来帮助医疗保健管理，以判断是否需要更详细的检查。
