Research Institute for Biomaterials, Tech Institute for Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
Biomater Sci. 2023 Sep 26;11(19):6384-6402. doi: 10.1039/d3bm00744h.
Many soft tissues of the human body possess hierarchically anisotropic structures, exhibiting orientation-specific mechanical properties and biological functionality. Hydrogels have been proposed as promising scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications due to their water-rich composition, excellent biocompatibility, and tunable physico-chemical properties. However, conventional hydrogels with homogeneous structures often exhibit isotropic properties that differ from those of biological tissues, limiting their further application. Recently, magnetically anisotropic hydrogels containing long-range ordered magneto-structures have attracted widespread interest owing to their highly controllable assembly strategy, rapid magnetic responsiveness and remote spatiotemporal regulation. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of magnetically anisotropic hydrogels for tissue engineering. The fabrication strategy of magnetically anisotropic hydrogels from magnetic nanofillers with different dimensions is systemically introduced. Then, the effects of magnetically anisotropic cues on the physicochemical properties of hydrogels and the cellular biological behavior are discussed. And the applications of magnetically anisotropic hydrogels in the engineering of different tissues are emphasized. Finally, the current challenges and the future perspectives for magnetically anisotropic hydrogels are presented.
人体的许多软组织具有层次各向异性结构，表现出具有特定取向的机械性能和生物功能。水凝胶因其富含水分的组成、优异的生物相容性和可调的物理化学性质而被提议作为有前途的组织工程应用的支架材料。然而，具有均匀结构的传统水凝胶通常表现出各向同性的性质，与生物组织不同，限制了它们的进一步应用。最近，含有长程有序磁结构的各向异性磁水凝胶由于其高度可控的组装策略、快速的磁响应性和远程时空调节而引起了广泛的关注。在这篇综述中，我们总结了用于组织工程的各向异性磁水凝胶的最新进展。系统地介绍了具有不同尺寸的磁性纳米颗粒制备各向异性磁水凝胶的策略。然后，讨论了各向异性磁线索对水凝胶理化性质和细胞生物学行为的影响。并强调了各向异性磁水凝胶在不同组织工程中的应用。最后，提出了各向异性磁水凝胶目前面临的挑战和未来展望。
