De Vincenzo Ciro, Stocco Nicola, Modugno Raffaele
Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy.
IBEF-International Centre of Excellence on Innovative Learning, Teaching Environments and Practices, Shanghai, China.
Integr Psychol Behav Sci. 2024 Mar;58(1):160-177. doi: 10.1007/s12124-023-09798-5. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
The paper aims to develop a critical sociocultural understanding on the epistemological and historical analysis of evidence-based (EB) paradigm in contemporary psychological knowledge-production (research) and knowledge-application (practice). It firstly retraces the emergence of EB in medical disciplines, its paradigmatic status, and its subsequent adoption by mainstream psychological sciences. The description of EB historical roots and key concepts leads to the second part, where the paper reflects on key epistemological criticalities scholars have raised toward the EB paradigm. Then, we develop our sociocultural perspective to enrich the epistemological analysis and critique of EB. Specifically, we propose a hermeneutic and interpretative understanding which frames EB as a re-enactment of the positivist scientific research ambition to reach for a complete formalization of biological/psychological phenomena (endo-genetical dynamics), and of new socioeconomic, political, and individual needs posed by contemporary Western societal institutions to scientific knowledge (exo-genetical dynamics). Furthermore, building on such understanding, we suggest that EB works as a contemporary epistemic indicator and threshold, serving two functions: selective filtering and exclusion. Finally, we speculate that EB endo-genetical and exo-genetical developmental dynamics can be interpreted as an expression of the contemporary presentist regime of temporality and as a shift towards the regime of performative techniques instead of context-specific and future-oriented relational competences, also tracing a determining factor that has directed, directs and will continue to direct scientific research in psychology.
本文旨在对当代心理学知识生产（研究）和知识应用（实践）中基于证据（EB）范式的认识论和历史分析形成批判性的社会文化理解。它首先追溯了EB在医学学科中的出现、其范式地位以及随后被主流心理科学所采用的情况。对EB历史根源和关键概念的描述引出了第二部分，在这部分中，本文反思了学者们对EB范式提出的关键认识论批判性问题。然后，我们展开社会文化视角，以丰富对EB的认识论分析和批判。具体而言，我们提出一种诠释性和解释性的理解，将EB框架化为实证主义科学研究抱负的重演，即追求生物/心理现象（内源性动态）的完全形式化，以及当代西方社会制度对科学知识提出的新的社会经济、政治和个人需求（外源性动态）。此外，基于这种理解，我们认为EB作为当代的认知指标和门槛，发挥着两种功能：选择性过滤和排除。最后，我们推测EB的内源性和外源性发展动态可以被解释为当代当下主义时间制度的一种表达，以及向表演性技术制度的转变，而不是特定情境和面向未来的关系能力，同时也追溯了一个决定性因素，它已经指导、正在指导并将继续指导心理学的科学研究。
