Gao Xiaoqian, Yu Bing, Yu Jie, Mao Xiangbing, Huang Zhiqing, Luo Yuheng, Luo Junqiu, Zheng Ping, Yan Hui, He Jun, Chen Daiwen
Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2023 Aug 9;14(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s40104-023-00908-2.
Starch is a major component of carbohydrates and a major energy source for monogastric animals. Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin and has different physiological functions due to its different structure. It has been shown that the energy supply efficiency of amylose is lower than that of amylopectin. However, there are few studies on the effect of starch structure on the available energy of pigs. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of different structures of starch in the diet on the net energy (NE) of pigs using a comparative slaughter method and to establish a prediction equation to estimate the NE of starch with different structures. Fifty-six barrows (initial BW 10.18 ± 0.11 kg) were used, and they were housed and fed individually. Pigs were divided into 7 treatments, with 8 replicates for each treatment and 1 pig for each replicate. One of the treatments was randomly selected as the initial slaughter group (ISG). Pigs in the remaining treatments were assigned to 6 diets, fed with basic diet and semi-pure diets with amylose/amylopectin ratio (AR) of 3.09, 1.47, 0.25, 0.15 and 0.12, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 d.
Results showed that compared with the high amylose (AM) groups (AR 3.09 and 1.47), the high amylopectin (AP) group (AR 0.15) significantly increased the final BW, average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of pigs (P < 0.05), but the F:G of the AM group was lower (P < 0.01). In addition, AR 0.15 and 0.12 groups have higher (P < 0.01) nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, gross energy and crude ash. Meanwhile, compared with other groups, AR 0.15 group has a higher (P < 0.05) NE intake and energy retention (RE). The regressive equation for predicting with starch structures was established as RE = 1,235.243 - 48.298AM/AP (R = 0.657, P = 0.05).
In conclusion, NE intake and RE of pigs augmented with the increase of dietary amylopectin content, indicating that diets high in amylopectin were more conducive to promoting the growth of pigs in the late conservation period.
淀粉是碳水化合物的主要成分，也是单胃动物的主要能量来源。淀粉由直链淀粉和支链淀粉组成，因其结构不同而具有不同的生理功能。研究表明，直链淀粉的能量供应效率低于支链淀粉。然而，关于淀粉结构对猪可利用能量的影响的研究较少。本研究的目的是采用比较屠宰法测定日粮中不同结构的淀粉对猪净能（NE）的影响，并建立预测方程来估算不同结构淀粉的NE。选用56头公猪（初始体重10.18±0.11 kg），单独饲养和饲喂。将猪分为7个处理组，每个处理组8个重复，每个重复1头猪。随机选择其中一个处理组作为初始屠宰组（ISG）。其余处理组的猪分别饲喂基础日粮和直链淀粉/支链淀粉比例（AR）为3.09、1.47、0.25、0.15和0.12的半纯合日粮。试验持续28天。
结果表明，与高直链淀粉（AM）组（AR 3.09和1.47）相比，高支链淀粉（AP）组（AR 0.15）显著提高了猪的末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量（P＜0.05），但AM组的料重比更低（P＜0.01）。此外，AR 0.15和0.12组的干物质、粗蛋白、总能和粗灰分的养分消化率更高（P＜0.01）。同时，与其他组相比，AR 0.15组的NE摄入量和能量保留（RE）更高（P＜0.05）。建立了用淀粉结构预测RE的回归方程为RE = 1235.243 - 48.298AM/AP（R = 0.657，P = 0.05）。
综上所述，猪的NE摄入量和RE随着日粮中支链淀粉含量的增加而增加，表明高支链淀粉日粮更有利于促进保育后期猪的生长。
