Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Institute Clinical of Medicine, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Eur Addict Res. 2024;30(3):127-137. doi: 10.1159/000531502. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Training in addiction medicine and addiction psychology is essential to ensure the quality of treatment for patients with substance use disorders. Some earlier research has shown varying training between countries, but no comprehensive study of addiction training across Europe has been performed. The present study by the European Federation for Addiction Societies (EUFAS) aimed to fill this gap.
A Delphi process was used to develop a questionnaire on specialist training in addiction treatment in 24 European countries. The final questionnaire consisted of 14 questions on either addiction medicine or addiction psychology, covering the nature and content of the training and institutional approval, the number of academic professorial positions, and the estimated number of specialists in each country.
Information was not received from all countries, but six (Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Poland, and Romania) reported no specialized addiction medicine training, while 17 countries did. Seven countries (Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, and the Netherlands) reported no specialized addiction psychology training, while 14 countries did. Training content and evaluation methods varied. Approval was given either by governments, universities, or professional societies. Eighteen countries reported having professorships in addiction medicine and 12 in addiction psychology. The number of specialists in addiction medicine or psychology varied considerably across the countries.
The survey revealed a large heterogeneity in training in addiction medicine and addiction psychology across Europe. Several countries lacked formal training, and where formal training was present, there was a large variation in the length of the training. Harmonization of training, as is currently the case for other medical and psychology specializations, is warranted to ensure optimal treatment for this under-served patient group.
在成瘾医学和成瘾心理学方面的培训对于确保物质使用障碍患者的治疗质量至关重要。一些早期的研究表明，不同国家之间的培训存在差异，但尚未对整个欧洲的成瘾治疗培训进行全面研究。欧洲成瘾学会联合会（EUFAS）开展的本项研究旨在填补这一空白。
采用德尔菲法制定了一份关于 24 个欧洲国家成瘾治疗专业培训的问卷。最终问卷包含 14 个关于成瘾医学或成瘾心理学的问题，涵盖培训的性质和内容、机构认可、学术教授职位数量以及每个国家估计的专业人员数量。
并非所有国家都提供了信息，但有 6 个国家（比利时、丹麦、爱尔兰、意大利、波兰和罗马尼亚）报告没有专门的成瘾医学培训，而有 17 个国家提供了这种培训。有 7 个国家（比利时、法国、爱尔兰、意大利、俄罗斯、瑞士和荷兰）报告没有专门的成瘾心理学培训，而有 14 个国家提供了这种培训。培训内容和评估方法存在差异。批准由政府、大学或专业协会授予。18 个国家报告在成瘾医学方面设有教授职位，12 个国家在成瘾心理学方面设有教授职位。成瘾医学或心理学专家的数量在各国之间存在显著差异。
调查结果显示，欧洲在成瘾医学和成瘾心理学方面的培训存在很大的异质性。一些国家缺乏正规培训，而在存在正规培训的国家，培训的长度也存在很大差异。为了确保为这一服务不足的患者群体提供最佳治疗，有必要协调培训，就像目前其他医学和心理学专业所做的那样。
