Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye.
Sakarya University, Institute of Health Sciences, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2024 Jan-Feb;74:e1-e13. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2023.07.024. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
Some methods have been developed to solve flat and/or inverted nipple problems. This study aimed to examine the effects of flat and/or inverted nipple interventions on nipples and breastfeeding.
Before initiating the review, the protocol was registered in the 'PROSPERO' database. This study was based on the PRISMA-P guideline. Seven databases (Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, TÜBİTAK Ulakbim and Google Scholar) were searched, and nine studies were included in this review.
Hoffman's exercise, the inverted syringe method, and the nipple exercise was quite effective in increasing breastfeeding success. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first, third, and sixth months of mothers followed up with postpartum multidimensional visits was found to be significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (p < 0.05). A study in which a rubber band was applied with the help of an injector on flat and inverted nipples showed that 63% of mothers on the third day and all of them in the first month were able to breastfeed without a rubber band. Hoffman's exercise, the inverted syringe technique, and rubber bands corrected the flat and/or inverted nipple. There were studies reporting complications as a result of nipple interventions.
It is necessary to disseminate the information that breastfeeding of mothers with flat and/or inverted nipples can be sustained with various interventions. Furthermore, it is believed that providing mothers with a chance to choose the interventions, and thus, the compliance of mothers to the intervention with the method of their choice may increase the success of the intervention.
已经开发出一些方法来解决平坦和/或内陷乳头的问题。本研究旨在检查平坦和/或内陷乳头干预措施对乳头和母乳喂养的影响。
在开始综述之前，该方案已在“PROSPERO”数据库中注册。本研究基于 PRISMA-P 指南。共检索了 7 个数据库（Web of Science、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus、The Cochrane Library、TÜBİTAK Ulakbim 和 Google Scholar），并纳入了 9 项研究。
Hoffman 锻炼、倒注射器法和乳头锻炼在提高母乳喂养成功率方面非常有效。在接受产后多维访视的母亲中，母乳喂养的比例在第一、第三和第六个月时，干预组显著高于对照组（p<0.05）。一项研究表明，在平坦和内陷的乳头处使用注射器施加橡皮圈，第三天 63%的母亲和第一个月所有的母亲都可以不用橡皮圈进行母乳喂养。Hoffman 锻炼、倒注射器技术和橡皮圈纠正了平坦和/或内陷的乳头。有研究报告称乳头干预会导致并发症。
有必要传播这样的信息，即通过各种干预措施，母亲的平坦和/或内陷乳头也可以进行母乳喂养。此外，人们认为为母亲提供选择干预措施的机会，从而增加母亲对干预措施的依从性，使其能够选择自己喜欢的方法，可能会提高干预措施的成功率。
