College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Aug 10;195(9):1029. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-11633-8.
The disturbance characteristics and driving factors of human activity intensity in national parks are important factors affecting environmental change in ecological function areas. In-depth analysis of these must be the basis of improving the ecological environment in northwest China. This study selected data related to human activities from 2000 to 2020 to analyze the comprehensive impact of human interference on national park development and found that the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) of Qilian Mountain National Park showed an increasing trend and that the NPP (net primary productivity) showed spatial distribution characteristics of decreasing from east to west during the study period. This showed that human interference in and around the national park was changing significantly and that the high value area was gradually shifting southward. In the first decade, economic and social development was slow; related industries such as industry, tourism, and modern agriculture were not introduced on a large scale; and the ecological environment was in relatively good condition, with relatively weak human interference. However, in the second decade, human interference was prominent, with deeper ecological damage, but rapid economic development. Infrastructure development, population urbanization, and traditional production and living practices were the main factors driving changes in human interference. The Chinese government's proposed green building policy will further reduce the ecological impact of human activities while ensuring economic development. Building upon this, the present paper puts forth a "zero-disturbance" framework for national parks, aiming to offer recommendations for the future development of such parks.
人类活动强度的干扰特征和驱动因素是影响生态功能区环境变化的重要因素。深入分析这些因素必须是改善中国西北地区生态环境的基础。本研究选取了 2000 年至 2020 年与人类活动相关的数据，分析了人类干扰对国家公园发展的综合影响，发现祁连山国家公园的 NDVI（归一化差异植被指数）呈上升趋势，NPP（净初级生产力）在研究期间呈现出从东向西递减的空间分布特征。这表明国家公园内外的人类干扰正在发生显著变化，高值区逐渐向南转移。在第一个十年，经济和社会发展缓慢；工业、旅游和现代农业等相关产业没有大规模引入；生态环境相对较好，人类干扰相对较弱。然而，在第二个十年，人类干扰明显，生态破坏更深，但经济发展迅速。基础设施发展、人口城市化和传统的生产生活方式是人类干扰变化的主要驱动因素。中国政府提出的绿色建筑政策将在确保经济发展的同时，进一步减少人类活动对生态的影响。在此基础上，本文提出了国家公园的“零干扰”框架，旨在为国家公园的未来发展提供建议。
