Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Key Laboratory of Green Intelligent Fertilizer Innovation, MARD, Sinong Bio-organic Fertilizer Institute, Nanjing 210000, China.
Environ Int. 2023 Aug;178:108126. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108126. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
In recent years, the excessive of antibiotics in livestock and poultry husbandry, stemming from extensive industry experience, has resulted in the accumulation of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock manure. Composting, as a crucial approach for the utilization of manure resources, has the potential to reduce the levels of antibiotics and ARGs in manure, although complete elimination is challenging. Previous studies have primarily focused on the diversity and abundance of ARGs in compost or have solely examined the correlation between ARGs and their carriers, potentially leading to a misjudgment of the actual risk associated with ARGs in compost. To address this gap, this study investigated the transfer potential of ARGs in compost and their co-occurrence with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria by extensively analyzing metagenomic sequencing data of compost worldwide. The results demonstrated that the potential risk of ARGs in compost was significantly lower than in manure, suggesting that composting effectively reduces the risk of ARGs. Further analysis showed that the microbes shifted their life history strategy in manure and compost due to antibiotic pressure and formed metabolic interactions dominated by antibiotic-resistant microbes, increasing ARG dissemination frequency. Therefore, husbandry practice without antibiotic addition was recommended to control ARG evolution, dissemination, and abatement both at the source and throughout processing.
近年来，由于畜牧业的广泛经验，抗生素在畜牧业中的过度使用导致了抗生素残留和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）在畜禽粪便中的积累。堆肥作为一种重要的粪便资源利用方法，有潜力降低粪便中抗生素和 ARGs 的水平，但完全消除它们是具有挑战性的。以前的研究主要集中在堆肥中 ARGs 的多样性和丰度上，或者仅研究了 ARGs 与其载体之间的相关性，这可能导致对堆肥中 ARGs 实际风险的错误判断。为了解决这一差距，本研究通过广泛分析全球堆肥的宏基因组测序数据，研究了 ARGs 在堆肥中的转移潜力及其与机会性病原菌的共同发生。结果表明，堆肥中 ARGs 的潜在风险明显低于粪便，表明堆肥有效地降低了 ARGs 的风险。进一步的分析表明，由于抗生素的压力，微生物在粪便和堆肥中改变了它们的生活史策略，并形成了以抗生素抗性微生物为主导的代谢相互作用，增加了 ARG 的传播频率。因此，建议在源头和整个处理过程中，不加抗生素地进行畜牧业实践，以控制 ARG 的进化、传播和减少。
