Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, United States.
Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States; Institute for Healthcare Delivery and Population Science, University of Massachusetts Chan School of Medicine-Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2023;195:383-397. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-98818-6.00012-1.
Sleep-related motor disorders include non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnias, rapid-eye movement (REM), sleep parasomnias including REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), isolated motor phenomena in sleep, and periodic limb movement disorder. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) occurs while awake but is closely related to sleep and has a circadian pattern. The pontine sublaterodorsal tegmental nucleus has an important role in aligning motor control with sleep states, and dysfunction in this region can explain motor activities including cataplexy and loss of REM atonia seen in REM sleep behavior disorder. This chapter begins with a review of motor control in sleep. The rest of the chapter summarizes the clinical presentation, epidemiology, differential and treatment of NREM, REM, and isolated sleep-related motor disorders as well as restless legs syndrome.
睡眠相关运动障碍包括非快速眼动（NREM）睡眠障碍、快速眼动（REM）睡眠障碍，包括 REM 睡眠行为障碍（RBD）、孤立性睡眠运动障碍和周期性肢体运动障碍。不宁腿综合征（RLS）在清醒时发生，但与睡眠密切相关，具有昼夜节律模式。脑桥背外侧被盖核中的亚核对于将运动控制与睡眠状态对齐具有重要作用，该区域的功能障碍可以解释包括猝倒和 REM 睡眠行为障碍中 REM 睡眠丧失的张力障碍在内的运动活动。本章首先回顾了睡眠中的运动控制。本章的其余部分总结了 NREM、REM 和孤立性睡眠相关运动障碍以及不宁腿综合征的临床表现、流行病学、鉴别诊断和治疗。
