Rahaman Alisha, Anantharaju Arpitha, Jeyachandran Karthika, Manideep Repala, Pal Uttam M
Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Microbiology, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Puducherry, India.
J Biomed Opt. 2023 Aug;28(8):080902. doi: 10.1117/1.JBO.28.8.080902. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Cervical cancer is one of the major causes of death in females worldwide. HPV infection is the key cause of uncontrolled cell growth leading to cervical cancer. About 90% of cervical cancer is preventable because of the slow progression of the disease, giving a window of about 10 years for the precancerous lesion to be recognized and treated.
The present challenges for cervical cancer diagnosis are interobserver variation in clinicians' interpretation of visual inspection with acetic acid/visual inspection with Lugol's iodine, cost of cytology-based screening, and lack of skilled clinicians. The optical modalities can assist in qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing the tissue to differentiate between cancerous and surrounding normal tissues.
This work is on the recent advances in optical techniques for cervical cancer diagnosis, which promise to overcome the above-listed challenges faced by present screening techniques.
The optical modalities provide substantial measurable information in addition to the conventional colposcopy and Pap smear test to clinically aid the diagnosis.
Recent optical modalities on fluorescence, multispectral imaging, polarization-sensitive imaging, microendoscopy, Raman spectroscopy, especially with the portable design and assisted by artificial intelligence, have a significant scope in the diagnosis of premalignant cervical cancer in future.
宫颈癌是全球女性主要死因之一。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是导致细胞生长失控进而引发宫颈癌的关键原因。由于宫颈癌病情进展缓慢，约90%的宫颈癌是可预防的，这为识别和治疗癌前病变提供了约10年的窗口期。
目前宫颈癌诊断面临的挑战包括临床医生对醋酸目视检查/卢戈氏碘目视检查的解读存在观察者间差异、基于细胞学筛查的成本以及缺乏熟练的临床医生。光学模态可协助对组织进行定性和定量分析，以区分癌组织与周围正常组织。
这项工作聚焦于宫颈癌诊断光学技术的最新进展，有望克服当前筛查技术面临的上述挑战。
除了传统的阴道镜检查和巴氏涂片检查外，光学模态还能提供大量可测量信息，在临床上辅助诊断。
近期的荧光、多光谱成像、偏振敏感成像、显微内镜、拉曼光谱等光学模态，尤其是具备便携式设计并借助人工智能辅助的，未来在宫颈上皮内瘤变诊断方面具有广阔前景。
