Section of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine; Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia"; University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
Antioxid Redox Signal. 2024 Mar;40(7-9):542-563. doi: 10.1089/ars.2023.0251. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
The stria vascularis, located in the inner ear, consists of three layers, one of which is the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). It is formed by endothelial cells, sealed together to prevent the passage of toxic substances from the blood to the inner ear, by pericytes and perivascular-resident macrophage-like melanocyte. There are various causes that lead to hearing loss, and among these are noise-induced and autoimmune hearing loss, ear disorders related to ototoxic medication, Ménière's disease, and age-related hearing loss. For all of these, major therapeutic interventions include drug-loaded nanoparticles, intratympanic or intracochlear delivery. Since many pathologies associated with hearing loss are characterized by a weakening of the BLB, in this review, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to damage of BLB cellular components have been discussed. In addition, insight into the role of hormetic nutrients against hearing loss pathology is proposed. BLB cellular components of neurovascular cochlear unit play important physiological roles, owing to their impermeable function against all ototoxic substances that can induce damage. Studies are needed to investigate the cross talk occurring between these cellular components to exploit their possible role as novel targets for therapeutic interventions that may unravel future path based on the use of hormetic nutrients. 40, 542-563.
血管纹位于内耳，由三层组成，其中之一是血迷路屏障 (BLB)。它由内皮细胞、周细胞和血管周围驻留的巨噬细胞样黑素细胞封闭在一起，以防止有害物质从血液进入内耳。有多种原因导致听力损失，包括噪声引起的和自身免疫性听力损失、与耳毒性药物有关的耳部疾病、梅尼埃病和与年龄相关的听力损失。对于所有这些，主要的治疗干预包括载药纳米颗粒、鼓室内或耳蜗内给药。由于与听力损失相关的许多病理都表现为 BLB 的减弱，因此在这篇综述中，讨论了 BLB 细胞成分对损伤反应的分子机制。此外，还提出了对有益营养物质在对抗听力损失病理中的作用的深入了解。神经血管耳蜗单位的 BLB 细胞成分由于其对所有可能导致损伤的耳毒性物质的不可渗透性功能而发挥重要的生理作用。需要研究这些细胞成分之间发生的串扰，以利用它们作为治疗干预的新靶点的可能性，这些干预可能会基于有益营养物质的使用而揭示未来的途径。40, 542-563.
